MLD has received grants for COVI-19 research from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. JAR has received grants for COVID-19 research from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and St. Paul's Foundation. JAR reports patents owned by the University of British Columbia that are related to the use of PCSK9 inhibitor(s) in sepsis, and related to the use of vasopressin in septic shock and a patent owned by Ferring for use of selepressin in septic shock. He is an inventor on these patents, was a founder, Director, and shareholder in Cyon Therapeutics Inc., and is a shareholder in Molecular You Corp. He reports receiving consulting fees in the last 3 years from: Asahi Kasei Pharmaceuticals of America (was developing recombinant thrombomodulin in sepsis), SIB Therapeutics LLC (developing a sepsis drug), and Ferring Pharmaceuticals (manufactures vasopressin and developing selepressin). He is no longer actively consulting for the following: La Jolla Pharmaceuticals (developing angiotensin II; he chaired the DSMB of a trial of angiotensin II from 2015-2017) and PAR Pharma (sells prepared bags of vasopressin). He reports having received an investigator-initiated grant from Grifols (entitled “Is HBP a mechanism of albumin’s efficacy in human septic shock?”) that was provided to and administered by the University of British Columbia. ASS reports having received a grant from Canadian Institutes of Health Research. He is a consultant to Apeiron Biologics (investigating the use of human recombinant ACE2 for COVID-19) and have received consulting fees from Apeiron Biologics. JM reports having received grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Society of Critical Care Medicine. DCV reports salary funding from the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec and having received grants from: the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, COVID Immunity Task Force, and the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. He reports having received consulting fees from Qu Biologics Inc. and UCB Biosciences GmbH. He reports having received educational payments from CSL Behring, Merck Canada Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., and Shire Pharmaceuticals. He also reports having received travel reimbursements from CSL Behring. He reports a pending patent (PCT/US2021/042875) and report of invention from McGill University (2021-042). He is the Chair of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada Guidelines Committee and a member of the Clinical Immunology Society Education Committee. AMG reports having received grants from Sanofi Pasteur, Pfizer Inc., and Merck & Co., Inc. He reports having received educational payments from GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, and Moderna Inc. He reports having participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for AstraZeneca, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Moderna, Medicago Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., Seqirus. JS reports having licenses to the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) from the McMaster Industrial Liaison Office. He reports having participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for the following: Canadian HIV Trials Network Data Safety Monitoring Board, Ontario Clinical Oncology Group, PREPARE Study, African-Canadian Study of HIV-Infected Adults and a Vaccine for Ebola (ACHIV-Ebola), Oral Probiotic Supplementation in Pregnancy to Reduce Group B Streptococcus Colonization (OPSiP), use of immune modulatory properties of ribavirin to enhance Hepatitis B Virus Nucleotide analog antiviral activity protocol, a randomized pilot trial of a cannabis harm reduction e-intervention for young adults with early psychosis who use cannabis (CHAMPS), and a randomized pilot trial of ICanChange—a Mobile Health Intervention to Reduce Cannabis use in Young Adults with Psychosis (iCC). TCL reports having received a grant from Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec. GH reports having received grants from the Canadian Institute for Health Research, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, Surrey Hospital Foundation, and the Fraser Health Authority, Department of Research and Evaluation Services. He is the site Medical Director at Surrey Memorial Hospital. AP reports having received a grant from the Canadian Institute for Health Research. She reports receiving consulting fees from Annals of Internal Medicine with the ACP Journals (as the Associate Editor). SM reports having received grants from the Canadian Institute for Health Research, Health Research Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and Innovative Medicines Canada. All other authors state that they have no competing interests.