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Review
. 2022 Jun 1;22(3):366-373.
doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.7082.

Strategies and safety considerations of booster vaccination in COVID-19

Hanyan Meng  1 , Jianhua Mao  1 , Qing Ye  1
Affiliations
Review

Strategies and safety considerations of booster vaccination in COVID-19

Hanyan Meng et al. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. .

Abstract

The first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a significant role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, preventing severe diseases, and reducing mortality. However, the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the persistence of breakthrough infections, and the seemingly rapid decline in the protective efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have presented additional challenges for the next phase. There is an urgent need to confirm the necessity of further booster vaccination and combination vaccine approaches. This paper summarizes the latest literature on SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccine effectiveness and concludes that it is essential to implement booster immunization strategies. Priority should be given to high-risk groups, the elderly, and immunocompromised people. In addition, heterologous vaccination has a longer duration of effect and a broader spectrum than homologous vaccination, making it more conducive to managing the immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: Authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Comparison of four main types of COVID-19 vaccines.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Different immunization methods used in COVID-19. (A) The main process of heterologous vaccination and its advantages and disadvantages; (B) the inhalation delivery of vaccine can cause higher levels of mucosal IgA and lung resident memory T cells; and (C) the Omicron variant can be used as a natural vaccine to help all humans build an immune barrier.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Substances

Supplementary concepts