Quality of life and mental health in emerging adults with cerebral palsy compared to the general population

Abstract

Background: While evidence concerning Quality of Life (QoL) in youth with cerebral palsy (CP) in comparison to the general population has been accumulating, there is a lack of studies exploring differences on a wider range of positive and negative mental health outcomes in emerging adults.

Methods: This binational case control study is part of the SPARCLE cohort study on QoL and participation of youth with CP. QoL (WHOQOL-BREF), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and self-efficacy (GSE) were assessed in 198 emerging adults with CP and 593 emerging adults from the general population, matched for country of residence, age and gender. ANCOVAs with impairment and pain as covariates were run.

Results: Similar levels of QoL were found in both samples, except for the environmental domain, with better QoL for emerging adults with CP compared to the general population. There were significant descriptive differences regarding depression with worse levels in the CP sample, however, also worse levels of self-efficacy. Pain as a covariate had a significant negative impact on all measures, leading to poorer self-efficacy while worsening depression and anxiety; impairment had a significant worsening impact on physical QoL and self-efficacy only.

Conclusion: Similar expressions of mental health outcomes in emerging adults with CP and the general population indicate the high adaptive capability of emerging adults with CP.

Keywords: Cerebral palsy; Emerging adults; Mental health; Quality of Life; Self-efficacy.

Fig. 1

Interaction effect of group and education level regarding self-efficacy. Note. CP = cerebral palsy, GP = general population, values adjusted for impairment and pain frequency; Education level defined according to International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 (low = levels 0–2, medium: levels 3–4; high: levels 5–8)