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. 2022 Mar 30:2022:5329014.
doi: 10.1155/2022/5329014. eCollection 2022.

Automated System for Identifying COVID-19 Infections in Computed Tomography Images Using Deep Learning Models

Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem  1 , Salama A Mostafa  2 , Zainab N Al-Qudsy  3 , Mazin Abed Mohammed  4 , Alaa S Al-Waisy  5 , Seifedine Kadry  6 , Jinseok Lee  7 , Yunyoung Nam  8
Affiliations

Automated System for Identifying COVID-19 Infections in Computed Tomography Images Using Deep Learning Models

Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem et al. J Healthc Eng. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease that affects healthcare on a global scale and cannot be ignored because of its high fatality rate. Computed tomography (CT) images are presently being employed to assist doctors in detecting COVID-19 in its early stages. In several scenarios, a combination of epidemiological criteria (contact during the incubation period), the existence of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests (nucleic acid amplification tests), and clinical imaging-based tests are used to diagnose COVID-19. This method can miss patients and cause more complications. Deep learning is one of the techniques that has been proven to be prominent and reliable in several diagnostic domains involving medical imaging. This study utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN), stacked autoencoder, and deep neural network to develop a COVID-19 diagnostic system. In this system, classification undergoes some modification before applying the three CT image techniques to determine normal and COVID-19 cases. A large-scale and challenging CT image dataset was used in the training process of the employed deep learning model and reporting their final performance. Experimental outcomes show that the highest accuracy rate was achieved using the CNN model with an accuracy of 88.30%, a sensitivity of 87.65%, and a specificity of 87.97%. Furthermore, the proposed system has outperformed the current existing state-of-the-art models in detecting the COVID-19 virus using CT images.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Positive cases for COVID-19 in CT scan images.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proposed automated detection and classification of COVID-19 cases on CT images using deep learning models.
Figure 3
Figure 3
CT lung classification: (a) original CT lung case and (b) segmented CT lung.
Figure 4
Figure 4
CNN architecture.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DNN architecture.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Sparse autoencoder.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SAE architecture.
Figure 8
Figure 8
CT lung COVID-19 image cases that include normal and COVID-19 samples.
Algorithm 1
Algorithm 1
Deep learning-based COVID-19 diagnosis algorithm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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