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. 2022 Mar 14:13:820402.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820402. eCollection 2022.

Geosmithia Species Associated With Bark Beetles From China, With the Description of Nine New Species

Xiuyu Zhang  1 , You Li  2   3   4 , Hongli Si  1 , Guoyan Zhao  1 , Miroslav Kolařík  5 , Jiri Hulcr  4 , Xiaoqian Jiang  1 , Meixue Dai  1 , Runlei Chang  1
Affiliations

Geosmithia Species Associated With Bark Beetles From China, With the Description of Nine New Species

Xiuyu Zhang et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Fungi of the genus Geosmithia are frequently associated with bark beetles that feed on phloem on various woody hosts. Most studies on Geosmithia were carried out in North and South America and Europe, with only two species being reported from Taiwan, China. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of Geosmithia species in China. Field surveys in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai, and Yunnan yielded a total of 178 Geosmithia isolates from 12 beetle species. The isolates were grouped based on morphology. The internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and elongation factor 1-α gene regions of the representatives of each group were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on those sequences. In total, 12 species were identified, with three previously described species (Geosmithia xerotolerans, G. putterillii, and G. pallida) and nine new species which are described in this paper as G. luteobrunnea, G. radiata, G. brevistipitata, G. bombycina, G. granulata (Geosmithia sp. 20), G. subfulva, G. pulverea (G. sp. 3 and Geosmithia sp. 23), G. fusca, and G. pumila sp. nov. The dominant species obtained in this study were G. luteobrunnea and G. pulverea. This study systematically studied the Geosmithia species in China and made an important contribution to filling in the gaps in our understanding of global Geosmithia species diversity.

Keywords: 9 new taxa; Geosmithia; bark beetles; fungal community; symbiosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of Geosmithia generated from the combined ITS, TEF1-α, TUB2, and RPB2 sequence data. The sequences generated from this study are printed in bold. The bold branches indicate posterior probability values ≥0.9. Bootstrap values of ML/maximum parsimony ≥75% are recorded at the nodes. T, ex-type isolates.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia luteobrunnea sp. nov. (SNM261 = CGMCC3.20252, SNM226, SNM287). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. The stipe (indicated with arrows) is thick and short. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia radiata sp. nov. (SNM279 = CGMCC3.20253, SNM884). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. The sporulation structure is coarse, and the phialides (indicated with arrows) are abundant and compact. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–D) and 20 μm (E).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia brevistipitata sp. nov. (SNM1616 = CGMCC3.20627, SNM1610, SNM1611). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. The stipe (indicated with arrows) is short and sometimes not smooth. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia granulata sp. nov. (SNM1015 = CGMCC3.20450, SNM1013). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. Conidia hyaline, smooth, wide oval shape, like an egg. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia subfulva sp. nov. (SNM1304 = CGMCC3.20579, SNM1298). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. The metulae (indicated with arrows) branches are few and sparse. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia pulverea sp. nov. (SNM885 = CGMCC3.20255, SNM270, SNM888). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. The stipe (indicated with arrows) are slender and abundant with spores. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia fusca sp. nov. (SNM1578 = CGMCC3.20626, SNM1577). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. Conidia hyaline, smooth, wide oval shape. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia pumila sp. nov. (SNM1653 = CGMCC3.20630, SNM1657). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. Most phialides (indicated with arrows) are not smooth. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
Morphological characteristics of Geosmithia bombycina sp. nov. (SNM933 = CGMCC3.20578, SNM934). (A) Eight-day-old culture on 2% malt extract agar. (B–E) Conidiophores and conidia. The penicilli (indicated with arrows) are typically shorter than the stipe, terminal, monoverticillate, biverticillate or terverticillate, symmetric or asymmetric. Scale bars: 10 μm (B–E).
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