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Review
. 2022 Apr;38(2):317-347.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2021.11.010.

Uncommon Causes of Acute Kidney Injury

Cassandra L Formeck  1 , Carlos L Manrique-Caballero  2 , Hernando Gómez  3 , John A Kellum  4
Affiliations
Review

Uncommon Causes of Acute Kidney Injury

Cassandra L Formeck et al. Crit Care Clin. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most important complications of critical illness and a significant public health concern. AKI is commonly associated with sepsis, cardiac dysfunction, and exposure to nephrotoxic medication; however, less common causes of AKI can lead to devastating patient outcomes when the underlying diagnosis is missed or delayed. These uncommon causes of AKI fall into 3 large categories: structural, immune mediated, and microvascular, including various types of thrombotic microangiopathy. Kidney imaging, urine studies, and serum hemolytic studies should be a routine part of the evaluation of AKI among critically ill patients.

Keywords: AKI; Critically ill; Immune mediated; Microangiopathy; Obstruction.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure J.A. Kellum discloses grant support and consulting fees from Astute Medical/BioMerieuxand Baxter and is currently a full-time employee of Spectral Medical. H. Gómez discloses grant support and consulting fees from BioMerieux. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.