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. 2022 Mar 18:13:839378.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.839378. eCollection 2022.

Estimating Bulk Stomatal Conductance in Grapevine Canopies

Mark Gowdy  1 , Philippe Pieri  1 , Bruno Suter  1 , Elisa Marguerit  1 , Agnès Destrac-Irvine  1 , Gregory Gambetta  1 , Cornelis van Leeuwen  1
Affiliations

Estimating Bulk Stomatal Conductance in Grapevine Canopies

Mark Gowdy et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

In response to changes in their environments, grapevines regulate transpiration using various physiological mechanisms that alter conductance of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Expressed as bulk stomatal conductance at the canopy scale, it varies diurnally in response to changes in vapor pressure deficit and net radiation, and over the season to changes in soil water deficits and hydraulic conductivity of both the soil and plant. To help with future characterization of this dynamic response, a simplified method is presented for determining bulk stomatal conductance based on the crop canopy energy flux model by Shuttleworth and Wallace using measurements of individual vine sap flow, temperature and humidity within the vine canopy, and estimates of net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy. The methodology presented respects the energy flux dynamics of vineyards with open canopies, while avoiding problematic measurements of soil heat flux and boundary layer conductance needed by other methods, which might otherwise interfere with ongoing vineyard management practices. Based on this method and measurements taken on several vines in a non-irrigated vineyard in Bordeaux France, bulk stomatal conductance was estimated on 15-minute intervals from July to mid-September 2020 producing values similar to those presented for vineyards in the literature. Time-series plots of this conductance show significant diurnal variation and seasonal decreases in conductance associated with increased vine water stress as measured by predawn leaf water potential. Global sensitivity analysis using non-parametric regression found transpiration flux and vapor pressure deficit to be the most important input variables to the calculation of bulk stomatal conductance, with absorbed net radiation and bulk boundary layer conductance being much less important. Conversely, bulk stomatal conductance was one of the most important inputs when calculating vine transpiration, emphasizing the usefulness of characterizing its dynamic response for the purpose of estimating vine canopy transpiration in water use models.

Keywords: bulk boundary layer conductance; net radiation; transpiration; vapor pressure deficit; vine water stress; vineyard water-use models.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic of convective and radiative heat fluxes to and from the vine canopy and surrounding ground based on Shuttleworth and Wallace, 1985; Lhomme et al., 2012.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Example timeseries of bulk stomatal conductance (gbs, mm s–1) calculated on 15-minute intervals from a selected vine (C6-2) between 27 July and 24 August, 2020. Shading indicates days over which there was 36 mm of precipitation.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Daily maximum hourly running average of 15-min estimates of the bulk stomatal conductance, gbs (mm s–1) from a selected vine (C5-2) between 30 June and 15 September, 2020 with shading of line representative of corresponding measured predawn leaf water potential varying from 0.0 MPa (light gray) to –1.0 MPa (black).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Daily shortwave and long wave radiation flux (MJ day–1 m–2) absorbed by the vine canopy (dashed lines) and solar radiation flux (MJ day–1 m–2) incident on the vineyard (solid line).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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