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. 2022 Feb 18;14(2):e22363.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.22363. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Secondary Bacterial Infection Rates Among Patients With COVID-19

Ilkay Bahceci  1 , Ilknur E Yildiz  2 , Omer F Duran  1 , Umut S Soztanaci  3 , Zeynep Kirdi Harbawi  4 , Feray F Senol  5 , Gokhan Demiral  6
Affiliations

Secondary Bacterial Infection Rates Among Patients With COVID-19

Ilkay Bahceci et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the factors and rates of secondary bacterial infections developed in patients after the diagnosis of COVID-19 and antimicrobial susceptibility to guide the empirical treatment and contribute to epidemiological data. Materials and Methods In our study, 1,055 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, hospitalized at Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Rize, between the dates March 24, 2020 and December 31, 2020, were recruited. The diagnoses of all patients were confirmed by positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In addition, the blood and respiratory tract cultures of the patients recruited in the study were analyzed retrospectively. Results Ninety-two (8.7%) patients were found to have microbiologically proven respiratory or circulatory tract infections via microbial culture results. Respiratory tract infections were detected as monomicrobial in 44 patients and as polymicrobial in 17 patients, among a total of 61 patients. In addition, 59 (64.1%) patients were male patients, and 33 (35.9%) were female patients. Among the microorganisms grown in blood cultures, coagulase-negative staphylococci with a percentage of 31% and Acinetobacter baumannii with a percentage of 27.5% were prominent. In respiratory tract cultures, A. baumannii constitutes the majority with a percentage of 33.3%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a percentage of 9.5% each. The most resistant bacteria were A. baumannii, resistant to all antibiotics other than colistin. Conclusion Secondary bacterial infection rates in patients with COVID-19 are lower than influenza pandemic. However, the frequency of empirical antibiotics use seems relatively high.

Keywords: bacterial infection; covid-19; infection; resistance; secondary infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella spp.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacter spp.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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