High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector

CDF Collaboration†‡; T Aaltonen^{1

2}, S Amerio^{3

4}, D Amidei⁵, A Anastassov⁶, A Annovi⁷, J Antos^{8

9}, G Apollinari⁶, J A Appel⁶, T Arisawa¹⁰, A Artikov¹¹, J Asaadi¹², W Ashmanskas⁶, B Auerbach¹³, A Aurisano¹², F Azfar¹⁴, W Badgett⁶, T Bae^{15

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21}, A Barbaro-Galtieri²², V E Barnes²³, B A Barnett²⁴, P Barria^{25

26}, P Bartos^{8

9}, M Bauce^{3

4}, F Bedeschi²⁵, S Behari⁶, G Bellettini^{25

27}, J Bellinger²⁸, D Benjamin²⁹, A Beretvas⁶, A Bhatti³⁰, K R Bland³¹, B Blumenfeld²⁴, A Bocci²⁹, A Bodek³², D Bortoletto²³, J Boudreau³³, A Boveia³⁴, L Brigliadori^{35

36}, C Bromberg³⁷, E Brucken^{1

2}, J Budagov¹¹, H S Budd³², K Burkett⁶, G Busetto^{3

4}, P Bussey³⁸, P Butti^{25

27}, A Buzatu³⁸, A Calamba³⁹, S Camarda⁴⁰, M Campanelli⁴¹, B Carls⁴², D Carlsmith²⁸, R Carosi²⁵, S Carrillo⁴³, B Casal⁴⁴, M Casarsa⁴⁵, A Castro^{35

36}, P Catastini⁴⁶, D Cauz^{45

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48}, V Cavaliere⁴², A Cerri²², L Cerrito⁴¹, Y C Chen⁴⁹, M Chertok⁵⁰, G Chiarelli²⁵, G Chlachidze⁶, K Cho^{15

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21}, D Chokheli¹¹, A Clark⁵¹, C Clarke⁵², M E Convery⁶, J Conway⁵⁰, M Corbo⁶, M Cordelli⁷, C A Cox⁵⁰, D J Cox⁵⁰, M Cremonesi²⁵, D Cruz¹², J Cuevas⁴⁴, R Culbertson⁶, N d'Ascenzo⁶, M Datta⁶, P de Barbaro³², L Demortier³⁰, M Deninno³⁵, M D'Errico^{3

4}, F Devoto^{1

2}, A Di Canto^{25

27}, B Di Ruzza⁶, J R Dittmann³¹, S Donati^{25

27}, M D'Onofrio⁵³, M Dorigo^{45

54}, A Driutti^{45

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48}, K Ebina¹⁰, R Edgar⁵, A Elagin³⁴, R Erbacher⁵⁰, S Errede⁴², B Esham⁴², S Farrington¹⁴, J P Fernández Ramos⁵⁵, R Field⁴³, G Flanagan⁶, R Forrest⁵⁰, M Franklin⁴⁶, J C Freeman⁶, H Frisch³⁴, Y Funakoshi¹⁰, C Galloni^{25

27}, A F Garfinkel²³, P Garosi^{25

26}, H Gerberich⁴², E Gerchtein⁶, S Giagu⁵⁶, V Giakoumopoulou⁵⁷, K Gibson³³, C M Ginsburg⁶, N Giokaris⁵⁷, P Giromini⁷, V Glagolev¹¹, D Glenzinski⁶, M Gold⁵⁸, D Goldin¹², A Golossanov⁶, G Gomez⁴⁴, G Gomez-Ceballos⁵⁹, M Goncharov⁵⁹, O González López⁵⁵, I Gorelov⁵⁸, A T Goshaw²⁹, K Goulianos³⁰, E Gramellini³⁵, C Grosso-Pilcher³⁴, J Guimaraes da Costa⁴⁶, S R Hahn⁶, J Y Han³², F Happacher⁷, K Hara⁶⁰, M Hare⁶¹, R F Harr⁵², T Harrington-Taber⁶, K Hatakeyama³¹, C Hays¹⁴, J Heinrich⁶², M Herndon²⁸, A Hocker⁶, Z Hong¹², W Hopkins⁶, S Hou⁴⁹, R E Hughes⁶³, U Husemann⁶⁴, M Hussein³⁷, J Huston³⁷, G Introzzi^{25

65

66}, M Iori^{56

67}, A Ivanov⁵⁰, E James⁶, D Jang³⁹, B Jayatilaka⁶, E J Jeon^{15

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21}, S Jindariani⁶, M Jones²³, K K Joo^{15

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21}, S Y Jun³⁹, T R Junk⁶, M Kambeitz⁶⁸, T Kamon^{12

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21}, P E Karchin⁵², A Kasmi³¹, Y Kato⁶⁹, W Ketchum³⁴, J Keung⁶², B Kilminster⁶, D H Kim^{15

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21}, H S Kim⁶, J E Kim^{15

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21}, M J Kim⁷, S H Kim⁶⁰, S B Kim^{15

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21}, Y J Kim^{15

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21}, Y K Kim³⁴, N Kimura¹⁰, M Kirby⁶, K Kondo¹⁰, D J Kong^{15

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21}, J Konigsberg⁴³, A V Kotwal²⁹, M Kreps⁶⁸, J Kroll⁶², M Kruse²⁹, T Kuhr⁶⁸, M Kurata⁶⁰, A T Laasanen²³, S Lammel⁶, M Lancaster⁴¹, K Lannon⁶³, G Latino^{25

26}, H S Lee^{15

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21}, J S Lee^{15

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21}, S Leo⁴², S Leone²⁵, J D Lewis⁶, A Limosani²⁹, E Lipeles⁶², A Lister⁵¹, Q Liu²³, T Liu⁶, S Lockwitz⁶⁴, A Loginov⁶⁴, D Lucchesi^{3

4}, A Lucà^{6

7}, J Lueck⁶⁸, P Lujan²², P Lukens⁶, G Lungu³⁰, J Lys²², R Lysak^{8

9}, R Madrak⁶, P Maestro^{25

26}, S Malik³⁰, G Manca⁵³, A Manousakis-Katsikakis⁵⁷, L Marchese³⁵, F Margaroli⁵⁶, P Marino^{25

70}, K Matera⁴², M E Mattson⁵², A Mazzacane⁶, P Mazzanti³⁵, R McNulty⁵³, A Mehta⁵³, P Mehtala^{1

2}, A Menzione²⁵, C Mesropian³⁰, T Miao⁶, E Michielin^{3

4}, D Mietlicki⁵, A Mitra⁴⁹, H Miyake⁶⁰, S Moed⁶, N Moggi³⁵, C S Moon^{15

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21}, R Moore⁶, M J Morello^{25

70}, A Mukherjee⁶, Th Muller⁶⁸, P Murat⁶, M Mussini^{35

36}, J Nachtman⁶, Y Nagai⁶⁰, J Naganoma¹⁰, I Nakano⁷¹, A Napier⁶¹, J Nett¹², T Nigmanov³³, L Nodulman¹³, S Y Noh^{15

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21}, O Norniella⁴², L Oakes¹⁴, S H Oh²⁹, Y D Oh^{15

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21}, T Okusawa⁶⁹, R Orava^{1

2}, L Ortolan⁴⁰, C Pagliarone⁴⁵, E Palencia⁴⁴, P Palni⁵⁸, V Papadimitriou⁶, W Parker²⁸, G Pauletta^{45

47

48}, M Paulini³⁹, C Paus⁵⁹, T J Phillips²⁹, G Piacentino⁶, E Pianori⁶², J Pilot⁵⁰, K Pitts⁴², C Plager⁷², L Pondrom²⁸, S Poprocki⁶, K Potamianos²², A Pranko²², F Prokoshin¹¹, F Ptohos⁷, G Punzi^{25

27}, I Redondo Fernández⁵⁵, P Renton¹⁴, M Rescigno⁵⁶, F Rimondi³⁵, L Ristori^{6

25}, A Robson³⁸, T Rodriguez⁶², S Rolli⁶¹, M Ronzani^{25

27}, R Roser⁶, J L Rosner³⁴, F Ruffini^{25

26}, A Ruiz⁴⁴, J Russ³⁹, V Rusu⁶, W K Sakumoto³², Y Sakurai¹⁰, L Santi^{45

47

48}, K Sato⁶⁰, V Saveliev⁶, A Savoy-Navarro⁶, P Schlabach⁶, E E Schmidt⁶, T Schwarz⁵, L Scodellaro⁴⁴, F Scuri²⁵, S Seidel⁵⁸, Y Seiya⁶⁹, A Semenov¹¹, F Sforza^{25

27}, S Z Shalhout⁵⁰, T Shears⁵³, P F Shepard³³, M Shimojima⁶⁰, M Shochet³⁴, I Shreyber-Tecker⁷³, A Simonenko¹¹, K Sliwa⁶¹, J R Smith⁵⁰, F D Snider⁶, H Song³³, V Sorin⁴⁰, R St Denis³⁸, M Stancari⁶, D Stentz⁶, J Strologas⁵⁸, Y Sudo⁶⁰, A Sukhanov⁶, I Suslov¹¹, K Takemasa⁶⁰, Y Takeuchi⁶⁰, J Tang³⁴, M Tecchio⁵, P K Teng⁴⁹, J Thom⁶, E Thomson⁶², V Thukral¹², D Toback¹², S Tokar^{8

9}, K Tollefson³⁷, T Tomura⁶⁰, S Torre⁷, D Torretta⁶, P Totaro³, M Trovato^{25

70}, F Ukegawa⁶⁰, S Uozumi^{15

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21}, F Vázquez⁴³, G Velev⁶, K Vellidis⁵⁷, C Vernieri^{25

70}, M Vidal²³, R Vilar⁴⁴, J Vizán⁴⁴, M Vogel⁵⁸, G Volpi⁷, P Wagner⁶², R Wallny⁶, S M Wang⁴⁹, D Waters⁴¹, W C Wester 3rd⁶, D Whiteson⁶², A B Wicklund¹³, S Wilbur⁵⁰, H H Williams⁶², J S Wilson⁵, P Wilson⁶, B L Winer⁶³, P Wittich⁶, S Wolbers⁶, H Wolfmeister⁶³, T Wright⁵, X Wu⁵¹, Z Wu³¹, K Yamamoto⁶⁹, D Yamato⁶⁹, T Yang⁶, U K Yang^{15

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21}, Y C Yang^{15

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21}, W-M Yao²², G P Yeh⁶, K Yi⁶, J Yoh⁶, K Yorita¹⁰, T Yoshida⁶⁹, G B Yu^{15

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21}, I Yu^{15

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21}, A M Zanetti⁴⁵, Y Zeng²⁹, C Zhou²⁹, S Zucchelli^{35

36}

Affiliations

¹ Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
² Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
³ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
⁴ University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
⁵ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁶ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.
⁷ Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy.
⁸ Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.
⁹ Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
¹⁰ Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan.
¹¹ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia.
¹² Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
¹³ Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
¹⁴ University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.
¹⁵ Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
¹⁶ Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
¹⁷ Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
¹⁸ Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
¹⁹ Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
²⁰ Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
²¹ Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
²² Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
²³ Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
²⁴ The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
²⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
²⁶ University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
²⁷ University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
²⁸ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
²⁹ Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
³⁰ The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
³¹ Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
³² University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
³³ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
³⁴ Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
³⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
³⁶ University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
³⁷ Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
³⁸ Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
³⁹ Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
⁴⁰ Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
⁴¹ University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
⁴² University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁴³ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
⁴⁴ Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
⁴⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
⁴⁶ Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁴⁷ Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
⁴⁸ University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
⁴⁹ Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China.
⁵⁰ University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
⁵¹ University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
⁵² Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
⁵³ University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK.
⁵⁴ University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
⁵⁵ Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁶ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
⁵⁷ National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece.
⁵⁸ University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
⁵⁹ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
⁶⁰ University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
⁶¹ Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
⁶² University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
⁶³ The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
⁶⁴ Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
⁶⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
⁶⁶ University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
⁶⁷ Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
⁶⁸ Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
⁶⁹ Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
⁷⁰ Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
⁷¹ Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
⁷² University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
⁷³ Institution for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia.

PMID: 35389814
DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1781

Free article

High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector

CDF Collaboration†‡ et al. Science. 2022.

Free article

. 2022 Apr 8;376(6589):170-176.

doi: 10.1126/science.abk1781. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
² Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
³ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
⁴ University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
⁵ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁶ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.
⁷ Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy.
⁸ Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.
⁹ Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
¹⁰ Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan.
¹¹ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia.
¹² Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
¹³ Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
¹⁴ University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.
¹⁵ Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
¹⁶ Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
¹⁷ Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
¹⁸ Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
¹⁹ Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
²⁰ Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
²¹ Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
²² Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
²³ Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
²⁴ The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
²⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
²⁶ University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
²⁷ University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
²⁸ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
²⁹ Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
³⁰ The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
³¹ Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
³² University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
³³ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
³⁴ Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
³⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
³⁶ University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
³⁷ Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
³⁸ Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
³⁹ Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
⁴⁰ Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
⁴¹ University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
⁴² University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
⁴³ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
⁴⁴ Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
⁴⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
⁴⁶ Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁴⁷ Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
⁴⁸ University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
⁴⁹ Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China.
⁵⁰ University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
⁵¹ University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
⁵² Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
⁵³ University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK.
⁵⁴ University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
⁵⁵ Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁶ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
⁵⁷ National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece.
⁵⁸ University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
⁵⁹ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
⁶⁰ University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
⁶¹ Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
⁶² University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
⁶³ The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
⁶⁴ Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
⁶⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
⁶⁶ University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
⁶⁷ Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
⁶⁸ Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
⁶⁹ Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
⁷⁰ Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
⁷¹ Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
⁷² University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
⁷³ Institution for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia.

PMID: 35389814
DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1781

Abstract

The mass of the W boson, a mediator of the weak force between elementary particles, is tightly constrained by the symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. The Higgs boson was the last missing component of the model. After observation of the Higgs boson, a measurement of the W boson mass provides a stringent test of the model. We measure the W boson mass, M_W, using data corresponding to 8.8 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a 1.96 tera-electron volt center-of-mass energy with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. A sample of approximately 4 million W boson candidates is used to obtain [Formula: see text], the precision of which exceeds that of all previous measurements combined (stat, statistical uncertainty; syst, systematic uncertainty; MeV, mega-electron volts; c, speed of light in a vacuum). This measurement is in significant tension with the standard model expectation.

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Comment in

An upset to the standard model.
Campagnari C, Mulders M. Campagnari C, et al. Science. 2022 Apr 8;376(6589):136. doi: 10.1126/science.abm0101. Epub 2022 Apr 7. Science. 2022. PMID: 35389813
Particle's surprise mass threatens to upend the standard model.
Castelvecchi D, Gibney E. Castelvecchi D, et al. Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7905):225-226. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-01014-5. Nature. 2022. PMID: 35393589 No abstract available.

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High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector

Affiliations

High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Comment in

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