Basal cell carcinoma: An updated review of pathogenesis and treatment options

doi:10.1111/dth.15501

Review

. 2022 Jun;35(6):e15501.

doi: 10.1111/dth.15501. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Basal cell carcinoma: An updated review of pathogenesis and treatment options

Loren E Hernandez¹, Noreen Mohsin¹, Nicole Levin², Isabella Dreyfuss³, Fabio Frech¹, Keyvan Nouri¹

Affiliations

¹ Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
² Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
³ Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

PMID: 35393669
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15501

Review

Basal cell carcinoma: An updated review of pathogenesis and treatment options

Loren E Hernandez et al. Dermatol Ther. 2022 Jun.

. 2022 Jun;35(6):e15501.

doi: 10.1111/dth.15501. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Authors

Loren E Hernandez¹, Noreen Mohsin¹, Nicole Levin², Isabella Dreyfuss³, Fabio Frech¹, Keyvan Nouri¹

Affiliations

¹ Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
² Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
³ Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

PMID: 35393669
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15501

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains the most common malignancy worldwide. BCC pathogenesis is a result of the interplay between one's environment, genetics, and phenotypic factors. BCC has a low mortality but given its increasing incidence and potential to cause local destruction thus resulting in significant morbidity, it is vital for dermatologists to remain up to date with recent updates in this malignancy's pathogenesis and treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis of BCC as well as the current treatments available and clinical trials underway. We also touch upon the updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in respect to BCC's recommended treatment modalities.

Keywords: basal cell; gorlin; hedgehog; immunotherapy; targeted therapy.

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References

REFERENCES

1. Rowe DE, Carroll Rj Fau-Day CL Jr, Day CL Jr. Prognostic factors for local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, ear, and lip. Implications for treatment modality selection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26:976-990.
1. Apalla Z, Nashan D, Weller RB, Castellsague X. Skin cancer: epidemiology, disease burden, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. Dermatol Ther. 2017;7(Suppl 1):5-19. doi:10.1007/s13555-016-0165-y
1. American Cancer Society cancer statistics 2021 report. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(3):12.
1. Miller DL, Weinstock MA. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States: incidence. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;30(5 Pt 1):774-778. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81509-5
1. Christenson LJ, Borrowman TA, Vachon CM, et al. Incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas in a population younger than 40 years. JAMA. 2005;294(6):681-690.

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[1] Rowe DE, Carroll Rj Fau-Day CL Jr, Day CL Jr. Prognostic factors for local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, ear, and lip. Implications for treatment modality selection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26:976-990.

[2] Rowe DE, Carroll Rj Fau-Day CL Jr, Day CL Jr. Prognostic factors for local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, ear, and lip. Implications for treatment modality selection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26:976-990.

[3] Apalla Z, Nashan D, Weller RB, Castellsague X. Skin cancer: epidemiology, disease burden, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. Dermatol Ther. 2017;7(Suppl 1):5-19. doi:10.1007/s13555-016-0165-y

[4] Apalla Z, Nashan D, Weller RB, Castellsague X. Skin cancer: epidemiology, disease burden, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. Dermatol Ther. 2017;7(Suppl 1):5-19. doi:10.1007/s13555-016-0165-y

[5] American Cancer Society cancer statistics 2021 report. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(3):12.

[6] American Cancer Society cancer statistics 2021 report. J Nucl Med. 2021;62(3):12.

[7] Miller DL, Weinstock MA. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States: incidence. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;30(5 Pt 1):774-778. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81509-5

[8] Miller DL, Weinstock MA. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States: incidence. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;30(5 Pt 1):774-778. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81509-5

[9] Christenson LJ, Borrowman TA, Vachon CM, et al. Incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas in a population younger than 40 years. JAMA. 2005;294(6):681-690.

[10] Christenson LJ, Borrowman TA, Vachon CM, et al. Incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas in a population younger than 40 years. JAMA. 2005;294(6):681-690.

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Basal cell carcinoma: An updated review of pathogenesis and treatment options

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Basal cell carcinoma: An updated review of pathogenesis and treatment options

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