Regeneration potential of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet rich plasma (PRP) on irradiation-induced damage of submandibular salivary gland in albino rats

Abstract

Radiation-induced damage to salivary glands (SG) is a consequence of radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Recovery of the irradiated SG has been studied using various regenerative approaches. This study aims to compare the regenerative potentials of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) on irradiated rat submandibular salivary glands (SMD). 32 healthy male albino rats were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy then classified into four groups. Group A received no treatment while the other 3 groups were injected 24 h post-radiation with a single dose of either; BMMCs (Group B), PRP (Group C), or BMMCs suspended in PRP (Group D). SMD regeneration was assessed in terms of histological changes and TGF- β1 gene expression. The results showed that compared to the untreated group all groups showed successful regeneration with group D showing the best results. A statistically significant increase in the surface area of acini and TGF- β1 gene expression was observed in group D, followed by group C, then B. Our results prove that using PRP and BMMCs could be promising in decreasing irradiation side effects on SG. Moreover, combining PRP and BMMCs gives better effects compared to each therapy alone.

Keywords: Bone marrow mononuclear cells; Mesenchymal stem cells; Platelet-rich plasma; Radiation; Regeneration; Salivary glands.