Circulating tumor cell detection: A prospective comparison between CellSearch® and RareCyte® platforms in patients with progressive metastatic breast cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are prognostic in patients with breast cancer. Several technical platforms exist for their enumeration and characterization. Comparative studies between these platforms are scarce. The RareCyte CTC detection is theoretically more sensitive than the established CellSearch platform, which identifies only CTCs that express EpCAM and cytokeratin. This study prospectively compares CTC enumeration in patients with breast cancer in a paired analysis using these two platforms. It investigates survival outcomes in groups defined by a CTC count threshold.

Design: CTC enumeration was performed on 100 samples obtained from 86 patients with progressive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in two independent laboratories each blinded to the clinical data and the results from the other platform.

Results: One hundred paired samples were collected and CTC counts were determined using the CellSearch and RareCyte CTC platforms. In total, 65% and 75% of samples had at least one detectable CTC in 7.5 mL blood with the CellSearch and the RareCyte systems, respectively. CTC counts with the CellSearch system ranged from 0 to 2289 with a median of 3 CTCs, the RareCyte CTC counts ranged from 0 to 1676 with a median of 3 CTCs. The number of samples with 5 or more CTCs in 7.5 mL of blood (the poor prognosis cut-off validated with the CellSearch system) blood was 45% with the CellSearch test and 48% with the RareCyte test. CTC counts quantified with the CellSearch and the RareCyte systems were strongly correlated (Spearman's r = 0.8235 (0.7450-0.8795) p < 0.001). 86 patients were included for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. An increased mortality risk in patients with CellSearch of 5 CTCs or more per 7.5 mL blood, with a log-rank hazard ratio of 5.164 (2.579-10.34) (p < 0.001) was confirmed. The survival analysis with RareCyte CTC counts with the identical cut-off showed a significantly impaired survival with a hazard ratio of 4.213 (2.153-8.244) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Our data demonstrate the analytical and prognostic equivalence of CellSearch and RareCyte CTC enumeration platforms in patients with MBC using the CellSearch cut-off. This is the first demonstration of prognostic significance using the RareCyte platform.

Keywords: CellSearch; Circulating tumor cells,; Metastatic breast cancer; RareCyte.

Fig. 1

Schematic overview of patient and sample enrollment

Fig. 2

A Relationship CTC count CellSearch and RareCyte obtained from 100 samples and 86 patients with progressive metastatic breast cancer with Spearman r = 0.8179 (0.7378–0.8753)(p < 0.0001) B Relationship log CTC count CellSearch and log RareCyte

Fig. 3

Correlation between CTC counts obtained from 16 samples of patients (n = 13) with progressive metastatic triple negative breast cancer

Fig. 4

Overall Survival (days) in Patients with MBC for those with < 5 CTCs per 7.5 ml of whole blood and those in the group with ≥ 5 CTCs in 7.5 ml of whole blood (n = 86). A Cellsearch count with a log-rank HR 5.64 (2.579–10.34) (p < 0.0001). B RareCyte count with a log-rank HR 4.213 (2.153–8.244) (p < 0.0001)