DML, DAO, WB, EM, CC, and HCJE are former unpaid advisers to the Gamaleya Research Institute, Moscow, Russia. DML is on the advisory boards of and does ad hoc consultancy for Accelerate, Antabio, Centauri, Entasis, Meiji, Menarini, Mutabilis, Nordic, Paion, ParaPharm, Pfizer, QPEX, Shionogi, Summit, TAZ Corporation, VenatoRx, Wockhardt, Sumitovant and Zambon; and delivers paid lectures for bioMérieux, Beckman Coulter, Cardiome, GSK, Hikma, Merck/MSD, Menarini, Nordic, Perkin Elmer, and Shionogi. DML has relevant shareholdings or options with Dechra, GSK, Merck, and Pfizer, amounting to less than 10% of portfolio value. DML also has nominated holdings in Arecor, Avacta, Diaceutics, Evgen, Genedrive, Poolbeg, Renalytics AI, Synairgen, and Trellus (all with research and products pertinent to medicines or diagnostics) through Enterprise Investment Schemes but has no authority to trade these shares directly. HCJE has equity in Virion Therapeutics and serves as a consultant to Biogen, Takeda, Ring Therapeutics, Freeline, and Regenxbio. DYL and IVD report patents for a Sputnik V pharmaceutical agent and its method of use to prevent COVID-19. All other authors declare no competing interests.