Growth performance, morphometric of the small intestine, lymphoid organ, and ovary of laying hens supplemented with Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract in drinking water

Abstract

Background and aim: Antibiotic, improves the growth performance of laying hens when used as a feed additive; however, it has been banned in Europe. Furthermore, secondary metabolites used as a substitute for antibiotics are compounds produced by plants. Therefore, this aims to determine the effect of dates water extract (DWE) on the performance of laying hens. This study used dates containing secondary metabolites as a feed additive and substitute for antibiotics.

Materials and methods: A completely randomized design was used, dividing 400 Lohmann brown day old chick into five groups (each group has five replications and each replication consisted of 16 laying hens). Furthermore, there were two control groups such as mineral water control group and antibiotic growth promoters (basal feed+50 mg/kg of bacitracin), and three DWE groups such as 5% DWE (50 mg/mL), 10% DWE (100 mg/mL), and 20% DWE (200 mg/mL). Dates extract treatment was administered through drinking water for 54 days, whereby three laying hens from each replication were taken randomly and decapitated on the neck. Afterwards, a necropsy was performed for histological preparations of the small intestine, ovary, and lymphoid organs. The structure and morphology of the small intestine, and ovaries were observed through histological preparations, while lymphoid organs were observed through histological preparation and morphometry, and body morphometry, body weight, feed intake and weight gain were observed by measurements and weighing.

Results: Small intestine morphology, ovarian follicle, and growth performance of the DWE2 group increased significantly compared to the control group, but the lymphoid organs index was influenced by DWE1.

Conclusion: The administration of 10% dates extract (100 mg/mL) in drinking water improves the morphology of the small intestine, ovarian follicles, lymphoid organs, and growth performance.

Keywords: dates water extract; feed additive; ovary; performance; small intestine.

Figure-1

Jejunum morphology of 54 days old Lohmann Brown Strain treated with dates water extract using 4×0.10 magnification. (a) Control; (b). AGP group; (c) DWE1 group; (d). DWE2 group; (e). DWE3 group. Control=Mineral water; AGP=Bacitracin 50 mg/kg basal diet+mineral water; DWE1=5% dates water extract; DWE2=10% dates water extract; DWE3=20% dates water extract, dates water extract has been given through drinking water ⟷=villus length, ⟶=Crypt depth. This figure shows that the DWE2 group had higher villi and crypt depth compared to other groups.

Figure-2

Ovarian morphology of 54 days old Lohmann Brown Strain treated with dates water extract using 10×10 magnification. (a) Control; (b). AGP group; (c). DWE1 group; (d). DWE2 group; (e). DWE3 group. Control=Mineral water; AGP=Bacitracin 50 mg/kg basal diet+mineral water; DWE1=5% dates water extract; DWE2=10% dates water extract; DWE3=20% dates water extract, dates water extract has been given through drinking water. Black arrow=Primordial follicle; Blue arrow=Primary follicle; Green arrow=Secondary follicle; Red arrow=De Graaf follicle. This figure shows that DWE groups have an active proliferation process.