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. 2022 Mar 25:13:843796.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843796. eCollection 2022.

Association Between Endophthalmitis and the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

Ting-Yi Lin  1 , Yi-Fen Lai  1 , Wu-Chien Chien  2   3   4   5 , Yi-Hao Chen  1 , Chien-An Sun  6   7 , Chi-Hsiang Chung  2   3   4 , Jiann-Torng Chen  1 , Ching-Long Chen  1
Affiliations

Association Between Endophthalmitis and the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

Ting-Yi Lin et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Purpose: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the influence of infectious insults, such as endophthalmitis, on the risk of ACS among AS patients has not been studied yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between endophthalmitis in patients with AS and the incidence of ACS.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study extracted medical records from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015. The primary outcome was the incidence of ACS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with and without Fine and Gray's competing risk model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were used for the analyses. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was performed for sensitivity analysis.

Results: We identified 530 AS patients with endophthalmitis and 2,120 AS patients without endophthalmitis for comparison. The incidence rate of endophthalmitis in our study population was 2.66%. The overall incidence rate of ACS was 1,595.96 per 100,000 person-years in AS patients with endophthalmitis and 953.96 per 100,000 person-years in AS patients without endophthalmitis (adjusted HR = 1.787; 95% CI: 1.594-2.104, p < 0.001). In comparison to those without comorbidities, higher adjusted HRs were found in AS patients with endophthalmitis and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and coronary artery disease. Besides, the age ≥ 60 years revealed a high risk for ACS in AS patients with endophthalmitis.

Conclusion: Endophthalmitis was found to be an independent risk factor for ACS in patients with AS. Further clinical studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and status of systemic inflammation during endophthalmitis.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; ankylosing spondylitis; endophthalmitis; epidemiology; inflammation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the patient selection in this cohort.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier survival curve of the cumulative risk of ACS in AS patients with and without endophthalmitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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