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Review
. 2022 Mar 23:10:884398.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.884398. eCollection 2022.

Roles of Surfactants in Oriented Immobilization of Cellulase on Nanocarriers and Multiphase Hydrolysis System

Zhiquan Wang  1   2   3 , Chunzhen Fan  1   2   3 , Xiangyong Zheng  1   2   3 , Zhan Jin  1   2   3 , Ke Bei  1   2   3 , Min Zhao  1   2   3 , Hainan Kong  4
Affiliations
Review

Roles of Surfactants in Oriented Immobilization of Cellulase on Nanocarriers and Multiphase Hydrolysis System

Zhiquan Wang et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

Surfactants, especially non-ionic surfactants, play an important role in the preparation of nanocarriers and can also promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. A broad overview of the current status of surfactants on the immobilization of cellulase is provided in this review. In addition, the restricting factors in cellulase immobilization in the complex multiphase hydrolysis system are discussed, including the carrier structure characteristics, solid-solid contact obstacles, external diffusion resistance, limited recycling frequency, and nonproductive combination of enzyme active centers. Furthermore, promising prospects of cellulase-oriented immobilization are proposed, including the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction of surfactants and cellulase in the oil-water reaction system, the reversed micelle system of surfactants, and the possible oriented immobilization mechanism.

Keywords: cellulase; nanocarriers; oriented immobilization; reversed micelle system; surfactants.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic diagram of immobilized cellulase on a magnetic nanocarrier.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Binding schematic diagram of enzyme and carrier caused by the chemistry properties during the immobilization process. CIGs means the carrier-bound inert groups and CAGs means the carrier-bound active groups; The larger end of enzyme molecule stands for the catalytic domain and the other end stands for the adsorption domain.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The oriented immobilization diagrammatic sketch of single-layer cellulase in the surfactant reversed micelles system, the “green” represents the internal “pool” of SRM system, “black” represents the magnetic chitosan microspheres (C-MNPs), “brown” represents the cross-linked microsphere.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The oriented immobilization process of cellulase on magnetic nanoparticles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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