Annual STI Testing Among Sexually Active Adolescents

Abstract

Objectives: National guidelines call for annual testing for certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among specific adolescent populations, yet we have limited population-based data on STI testing prevalence among adolescents. With inclusion of a new item in the 2019 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we provide generalizable estimates of annual STI testing among sexually active high school students.

Methods: We report weighted prevalence estimates of STI testing (other than HIV) in the past 12 months among sexually active students (n = 2501) and bivariate associations between testing and demographic characteristics (sex, age, race and ethnicity, sexual identity, and sex of sexual contact). Multivariable models stratified by sex and adjusted for demographics examine the relationships between testing and sexual behaviors (age of initiation, number of sex partners, condom nonuse at last sexual intercourse, and substance use at last sexual intercourse).

Results: One-fifth (20.4%) of sexually active high school students reported testing for an STI in the previous year. A significantly higher proportion of female (26.1%) than male (13.7%) students reported testing. Among female students, prevalence differed by age (≤15 years = 12.6%, age 16 = 22.8%, age 17 = 28.5%, or ≥18 years = 36.9%). For male students, there were no differences by demographic characteristics, including sexual identity, but most sexual risk behaviors were associated with increased likelihood of STI testing (adjusted prevalence ratios ranging from 1.48 to 2.47).

Conclusions: Low prevalence of STI testing suggests suboptimal adherence to national guidelines, particularly for sexually active adolescent females and young men who have sex with men who should be tested for Chlamydia and gonorrhea annually.

FIGURE 1

Prevalence of STI testing in the past 12 months by self-reported sexual behaviors among currently sexually active male US high school students, 2019 (n = 1178). Currently, sexually active is defined as those who had sexual intercourse with at least 1 person during the 3 months before survey administration. *χ² test P value <.05. STI, sexually transmitted infection.

FIGURE 2

Prevalence of STI testing in the past 12 months by self-reported sexual behaviors among currently sexually active female US high school students, 2019 (n = 1301). Currently, sexually active is defined as those who had sexual intercourse with at least 1 person during the 3 months before survey administration. *χ² test P value <.05. STI, sexually transmitted infection.