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. 2022;158(1):3-10.
doi: 10.24875/GMM.M22000633.

Socioeconomic determinants of health and COVID-19 in Mexico

Luis A Chávez-Almazán  1 , Lorena Díaz-González  2 , Mauricio Rosales-Rivera  2
Affiliations
Free article

Socioeconomic determinants of health and COVID-19 in Mexico

Luis A Chávez-Almazán et al. Gac Med Mex. 2022.
Free article

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Introduction: The population living in conditions of poorness has a heavier pathological burden than social strata with better economic possibilities.

Objective: To determine the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on COVID-19 morbidity, mortality and lethality in municipalities and states of Mexico.

Methods: Morbidity, mortality and lethality associated with COVID-19 were analyzed according to the human development index and its indicators, and type of population. Descriptive statistical analyses, correlations between developmental variables and morbidity, mortality and lethality, association tests and hierarchical groupings were carried out.

Results: Positive correlations were observed between morbidity and mortality and the human development index; COVID-19 fatality increased as the values of said index decreased. There was a significantly higher risk of elevated mortality in localities with moderate and low development, and in those with less than 49,999 inhabitants. The main factors associated with fatality were lack of access to health services, income vulnerability and social deprivation.

Conclusions: The evidence generated should lead to decisions aimed at improving the quality of life of the population with social deprivations and vulnerabilities, which needs to be protected against the consequences of current COVID-19 pandemic.

Introducción: La población en situación de pobreza presenta una carga patológica mayor que los estratos sociales con mejores posibilidades económicas.

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos en la morbilidad, mortalidad y letalidad de COVID-19 en municipios y estados de México.

Métodos: Se analizó la morbilidad, mortalidad y letalidad asociadas a COVID-19 conforme el índice de desarrollo humano y sus indicadores, así como el tipo de población. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, de correlación entre variables de desarrollo versus morbilidad, mortalidad y letalidad, pruebas de asociación y agrupaciones jerárquicas.

Resultados: Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre la morbilidad y mortalidad y el índice de desarrollo humano; la letalidad por COVID-19 aumentó conforme disminuyó dicho índice. Existió riesgo significativamente superior de alta letalidad en las localidades con moderado y bajo desarrollo, así como en aquellas con menos de 49 999 habitantes. Los principales factores asociados a la letalidad fueron la falta de acceso a los servicios de salud, la vulnerabilidad por ingreso y la carencia social.

Conclusiones: La evidencia generada debe llevar a decisiones tendentes al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la población con carencias y vulnerabilidades sociales, que necesita ser protegida contra las consecuencias de la actual pandemia de COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Cobertura de salud; Health coverage; Marginación; Marginalization; Mexico; México; SARS-CoV-2.

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