Long-Cycling Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries Enabled by Electrochemo-Mechanically Stable Electrodes

Abstract

The anode plays a critical role relating to the energy density in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASLBs). Silicon (Si) and lithium (Li) metal are two of the most attractive anodes because of their ultrahigh theoretical capacities. However, most investigations focus on Li metal, leaving the great potential of Si underrated. This work investigates the stability, processability, and cost of Si anodes in ASLBs and compares them with Li metal. Moreover, single-crystal LiNi_0.8 Mn_0.1 Co_0.1 O₂ is stabilized with lithium silicate (Li₂ SiO_x ) through a scalable sol-gel method. ASLBs with a cell-level energy density of 285 Wh kg^-1 are obtained by sandwiching the Si anode, the thin sulfide solid-state electrolyte membrane, and the interface stabilized LiNi_0.8 Mn_0.1 Co_0.1 O₂ . The full cell delivers a high capacity of 145 mAh g^-1 at C/3 and maintains stability for 1000 cycles. This work inspires commercialization of ASLBs on a large scale with exciting manufacturing lines for large-scale, safe, and economical energy storage.

Keywords: Li-metal anodes; Si anodes; all-solid-state batteries; cell-level energy densities; interface engineering.