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. 2022 Mar 23;19(7):3801.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073801.

Association between Drinking Patterns and Incident Hypertension in Southwest China

Yawen Wang  1 , Yuntong Yao  2 , Yun Chen  3 , Jie Zhou  2 , Yanli Wu  2 , Chaowei Fu  3 , Na Wang  3 , Tao Liu  2 , Kelin Xu  1
Affiliations

Association between Drinking Patterns and Incident Hypertension in Southwest China

Yawen Wang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Based on a prospective cohort study of adults from southwest China with heterogeneity in their demographical characteristics and lifestyles, we aimed to explore the association between drinking patterns and incident hypertension under the interaction of these confounding factors. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analysis was performed according to sex, ethnicity, area, occupation, smoking, and exercise to compare the differences in the association between drinking patterns and the incidence of hypertension. Blood pressure was higher in participants with a high drinking frequency than those with a low drinking frequency (p < 0.001). We found that total drinking frequency, liquor drinking frequency, rice wine drinking frequency, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Compared with the non-drinking group, a heavy drinking pattern was positively correlated with hypertension. Drinking can increase the risk of hypertension, especially heavy drinking patterns, with a high frequency of alcohol intake and high alcohol consumption. From the analysis results of the longitudinal data, drinking alcohol is still an important risk factor for hypertension among Chinese subjects, especially for men, the rural population, the employed, the Han nationality, smokers, and certain exercise populations.

Keywords: alcohol consumption; cohort study; drinking frequency; hypertension; interaction effect.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Subgroup analysis after stratification by gender (Model 3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Subgroup analysis after stratification by urban and rural areas (Model 3).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Subgroup analysis after stratification by ethnic minority and the Han nationality (Model 3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Subgroup analysis after stratification by exercise (Model 3).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Subgroup analysis after stratification by smoking (Model 3).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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