Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar 31;19(7):4147.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074147.

Incidence of Peri-Implantitis and Relationship with Different Conditions: A Retrospective Study

Víctor Astolfi  1 , Blanca Ríos-Carrasco  1 , Francisco Javier Gil-Mur  2 , José Vicente Ríos-Santos  1 , Beatriz Bullón  1 , Mariano Herrero-Climent  3 , Pedro Bullón  1
Affiliations

Incidence of Peri-Implantitis and Relationship with Different Conditions: A Retrospective Study

Víctor Astolfi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Articles on the prevalence of peri-implant diseases showed that 90% of peri-implant tissues had some form of inflammatory response and a prevalence of peri-implantitis from 28% to 51% according to various publications. Objective: To provide an overview of how risk factors can be related with peri-implantitis. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study including 555 implants placed in 132 patients was evaluated based on the presence of peri-implantitis following the criteria of Renvert et al. 2018. Results: In total, 21 patients (15.9%) suffered peri-implantitis (PPG) and 111 patients (84.1%) did not suffer peri-implantitis (NPG). The results reveal that smokers have a high incidence of peri-implantitis (72.7%) compared to non-smokers (27.3%) (p < 0.0005). Another variable with significant results (p < 0.01) was periodontitis: 50% PPG and 23.9% NPG suffered advanced periodontitis. Systemic diseases such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases do not show a statistically significant influence on the incidence of peri-implantitis. Patients who did not attend their maintenance therapy appointment had an incidence of peri-implantitis of 61.4%, compared to 27.3% in those who attend (p < 0.0001). From the results obtained, we can conclude that relevant factors affect peri-implantitis, such as tobacco habits, moderate and severe periodontitis, and attendance in maintenance therapy.

Keywords: osseointegration; osseous defects; peri-implant disease; peri-implant health; peri-implant mucositis; peri-implantitis; risk factor; risk indicator.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Measurement of radiographic bone loss.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Statistical significance of general variables in peri-implantitis taking the patients as unit. Different variables: PPG—Non-smokers (27.3% * 5), NPG—Non-smokers (77.3% * 5). PPG—less than 10/day (40.9% * 3), NPG—less than 10/day (14.8% * 3). PPG—More 10/day (31.8% * 4), NPG—More 10/day (8% * 4). PPG—Non-Consumers (75% * 2), PPG—Non-Consumers (92% * 2). PPG—Heavy consumers (11.4% * 1), NPG (2.3% * 1). * 1: p < 0.05; * 2: p < 0.01; * 3: p < 0.001, * 4: p < 0.0001; * 5: p < 0.00001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
No statistical significance of systemic diseases in peri-implantitis taking the patients as unit.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Variables related to periodontal disease and tooth loss according to peri-implantitis taking the patients as the unit. Different variables: PPG—Non-Periodontal (4.5% * 1), NPG—Non-Periodontal (5.7% * 1). PPG—Mild Periodontitis (13.6% * 1), NPG—Mild Periodontitis (29.5% * 1), PPG—Periodontitis (84.1% * 1), NPG—Periodontitis (65.9% * 1). PPG—no periodontitis (15.9% * 1), NPG—no periodontitis (34.1% * 1). 1: p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Variables related to follow-up and maintenance according to peri-implantitis taking the patients as the unit. Different variables: PPG—Non-maintenance (71.4% * 3), NPG—Non-maintenance (27.3% * 3), PPG—Maintenance every 12 months (18.2% * 2), NPG—Maintenance every 12 months (43.2% * 2). * 1: p < 0.05; * 2: p < 0.01; * 3: p < 0.001, * 4: p < 0.0001, * 5: p < 0.00001.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Qualitative variables related to the implant according to peri-implantitis with the implant as a unit. Different variables: PPG—External Connection (11.6% * 5), NPG—External Connection (1.9% * 5). * 1: p < 0.05; * 2: p < 0.01; * 3: p < 0.001, * 4: p < 0.0001, * 5: p < 0.00001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Esposito M., Grusovin M.G., Willings M., Coulthard P., Worthington H.V. The effectiveness of immediate, early, and conventional loading of dental implants: A Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants. 2007;22:893–904. - PubMed
    1. Berglundh T., Persson L., Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2002;29((Suppl. S3)):197–212. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051X.29.s3.12.x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hansson H.A., Albrektsson T., Brånemark P.I. Structural aspects of the interface between tissue and titanium implants. J. Prosthet. Dent. 1983;50:108–113. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(83)90175-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Schwarz F., Derks J., Monje A., Wang H.L. Peri-implantitis. J. Periodontol. 2018;89((Suppl. S1)):S267–S290. doi: 10.1002/JPER.16-0350. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Fransson C., Lekholm U., Jemt T., Berglundh T. Prevalence of subjects with progressive bone loss at implants. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2005;16:440–446. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01137.x. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources