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. 2022 Apr 6;19(7):4389.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074389.

Effective Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils by EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH: Performance, Characteristics, and Mechanism

Zongqiang Zhu  1   2   3 , Shuai Zhou  1   2 , Xiaobin Zhou  1   2 , Shengpeng Mo  1   2 , Yinian Zhu  1   2 , Lihao Zhang  1   2 , Shen Tang  1   2 , Zhanqiang Fang  4 , Yinming Fan  1   2
Affiliations

Effective Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils by EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH: Performance, Characteristics, and Mechanism

Zongqiang Zhu et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Arsenic is highly toxic and carcinogenic. The aim of the present work is to develop a good remediation technique for arsenic-contaminated soils. Here, a novel remediation technique by coupling electrokinetics (EK) with the permeable reactive barriers (PRB) of Fe/Mn/C-LDH composite was applied for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. The influences of electric field strength, PRB position, moisture content and PRB filler type on the removal rate of arsenic from the contaminated soils were studied. The Fe/Mn/C-LDH filler synthesized by using bamboo as a template retained the porous characteristics of the original bamboo, and the mass percentage of Fe and Mn elements was 37.85%. The setting of PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH placed in the middle was a feasible option, with the maximum and average soil leaching toxicity removal rates of 95.71% and 88.03%, respectively. When the electric field strength was 2 V/cm, both the arsenic removal rate and economic aspects were optimal. The maximum and average soil leaching toxicity removal rates were similar to 98.40% and 84.49% of 3 V/cm, respectively. Besides, the soil moisture content had negligible effect on the removal of arsenic but slight effect on leaching toxicity. The best leaching toxicity removal rate was achieved when the soil moisture content was 35%, neither higher nor lower moisture content in the range of 25-45% was conducive to the improvement of leaching toxicity removal rate. The results showed that the EK-PRB technique could effectively remove arsenic from the contaminated soils. Characterizations of Fe/Mn/C-LDH indicated that the electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and surface functional group complexation were the primary ways to remove arsenic.

Keywords: arsenic-contaminated soil; electrokinetics; influence factor; permeable reactive barrier; remediation mechanism.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The SEM images of BC (A,B) and Fe/Mn/C-LDH (C,D).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The EDS spectrum of Fe/Mn/C-LDH.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The XRD patterns of BC and Fe/Mn/C-LDH.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The FT-IR spectra of Fe/C, BC and Fe/Mn/C-LDH.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The Zeta potential of Fe/Mn/C-LDH.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of voltage gradient for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil by EK-PRB (Leaching toxicity removal rate (A), arsenic residue (B), Ph (C), EC (D) and current (E)).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of PRB position for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil by EK-PRB (Leaching toxicity removal rate (A), arsenic residue (B), pH (C), EC (D) and current (E)).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of moisture content for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil by EK-PRB (Leaching toxicity removal rate (A), arsenic residue (B), pH (C), EC (D) and current (E)).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schematic diagrams of arsenic removal mechanisms by EK-PRB.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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