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. 2022 Mar 29:13:814255.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814255. eCollection 2022.

Effects of Warming and Phosphorus Enrichment on the C:N:P Stoichiometry of Potamogeton crispus Organs

Mingzhe Dai  1 , Tao Wang  2   3 , Yuyu Wang  1 , Jun Xu  2
Affiliations

Effects of Warming and Phosphorus Enrichment on the C:N:P Stoichiometry of Potamogeton crispus Organs

Mingzhe Dai et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

The loss of submerged macrophytes from freshwater ecosystems is accelerating owing to the combined effects of eutrophication and climate change. Submerged macrophytes depend on spring clear water; however, increased water temperatures and excessive phosphorus (P) inputs often lead to the dominance of phytoplankton. It is still not clear how the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P in different tissues of submerged macrophytes respond to P enrichment and temperature increases. In this study, we established 36 mesocosm ecosystems to explore the effects of warming and P addition on the leaf, turion, stem, and seed stoichiometry of Potamogeton crispus. The results revealed that different functional plant organs show distinct responses to P addition and warming, which demonstrates the importance of evaluating the responses of different submerged macrophyte organs to environmental changes. In addition, interactive effects between P addition and warming were observed in the leaf, turion, and seed C:N:P stoichiometry, which highlights the importance of multifactorial studies. Our data showed that warming caused a decrease in the C content in most organs, with the exception of the stem; P addition increased the P content in most organs, with the exception of seed; N content in the turion and seed were influenced by interactive effects. Collectively, P addition could help P. crispus to resist the adverse effects of high temperatures by aiding growth and asexual reproduction, and asexual propagules were found to be more sensitive to P enrichment than sexual propagules.

Keywords: climate change; eutrophication; growth organs; reproductive organs; stoichiometric characteristics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The stoichiometric characteristics of the (A) TC, (B) TN, and (C) TP contents and the (D) C/N, (E) C/P, and (F) N/P ratios of P. crispus leaves under different treatments. The C in “No phosphorus added” represent controls (C), T in “No phosphorus added” represent constant warming (T), and V in “No phosphorus added” represent variable warming (V). Meanwhile, the C in “Phosphorus Added” represent phosphorus addition (C + P), T + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent constant warming and phosphorus addition (T + P), and V + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent variable warming and phosphorus addition (V + P).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The stoichiometric characteristics of the (A) TC, (B) TN, and (C) TP contents and the (D) C/N, (E) C/P, and (F) N/P ratios of P. crispus stems under different treatments. The C in “No phosphorus added” represent controls (C), T in “No phosphorus added” represent constant warming (T), and V in “No phosphorus added” represent variable warming (V). Meanwhile, the C in “Phosphorus Added” represent phosphorus addition (C + P), T + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent constant warming and phosphorus addition (T + P), and V + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent variable warming and phosphorus addition (V + P).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The stoichiometric characteristics of the (A) TC, (B) TN, and (C) TP contents and the (D) C/N, (E) C/P, and (F) N/P ratios of P. crispus turions under different treatments. The C in “No phosphorus added” represent controls (C), T in “No phosphorus added” represent constant warming (T), and V in “No phosphorus added” represent variable warming (V). Meanwhile, the C in “Phosphorus Added” represent phosphorus addition (C + P), T + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent constant warming and phosphorus addition (T + P), and V + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent variable warming and phosphorus addition (V + P).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The stoichiometric characteristics of the (A) TC, (B) TN, and (C) TP contents and the (D) C/N, (E) C/P, and (F) N/P ratios of P. crispus seeds under different treatments. The C in “No phosphorus added” represent controls (C), T in “No phosphorus added” represent constant warming (T), and V in “No phosphorus added” represent variable warming (V). Meanwhile, the C in “Phosphorus Added” represent phosphorus addition (C + P), T + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent constant warming and phosphorus addition (T + P), and V + P in “Phosphorus Added” represent variable warming and phosphorus addition (V + P).
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