Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comment
. 2022 May;10(5):e623.
doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00116-4.

The evidence gap between alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in east Africa - Authors' reply

Valerie McCormack  1 , Daniel R S Middleton  2 , Blandina T Mmbaga  3 , Diana Menya  4 , Charles Dzamalala  5 , Gissela Nyakunga-Maro  3 , Peter Finch  6 , Yohannie Mlombe  5 , Joachim Schüz  2
Affiliations
Comment

The evidence gap between alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in east Africa - Authors' reply

Valerie McCormack et al. Lancet Glob Health. 2022 May.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

We declare no competing interests.

Comment on

References

    1. Middleton DRS, Mmbaga BT, Menya D, et al. Alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell cancer risk in east Africa: findings from the large multicentre ESCCAPE case-control study in Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10:e236–e245. - PMC - PubMed
    1. International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO . International Agency for Research on Cancer; Lyon: 2021. List of classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, IARC monographs volumes 1–130.
    1. Chikowore T, Kamiza AB, Oduaran OH, Machipisa T, Fatumo S. Non-communicable diseases pandemic and precision medicine: is Africa ready? EBioMedicine. 2021;65 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Menya D, Kigen N, Oduor M, et al. Traditional and commercial alcohols and esophageal cancer risk in Kenya. Int J Cancer. 2019;144:459–469. - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms