Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) produces high morbidity and mortality rates. Its worldwide prevalence is 25%, but evidence from Latin America (LA) is lacking. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in the adult population of LA. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were collected from OVID, Cochrane Library and LILACS search engines. We used terms related to NAFLD and LA countries. Observational studies in adults who were born and live in LA were included. Two reviewers evaluated the articles, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus or by a third reviewer. A validated tool was used to assess risk of bias. We found and analyzed 19 articles (n=5625). The prevalence in the general and captive population found was 24%. Populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity had a higher mean prevalence that reached 68%. We concluded that the average prevalence of NAFLD in LA is around 24%. Among high-risk groups, this value increases to 68%. Further studies in the general population using appropriate designs are required for an accurate estimate of the prevalence of NAFLD in LA.

Keywords: Latin America; NAFLD; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Systematic review.