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. 2022 Jun;122(6):1531-1541.
doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-04933-3. Epub 2022 Apr 16.

The impact of age, sex, cardio-respiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and baroreflex sensitivity

Joseph D Maxwell  1 , Daniel J Bannell  1 , Aine Brislane  1   2 , Sophie E Carter  1   2 , Gemma D Miller  1 , Kirsty A Roberts  1 , Nicola D Hopkins  1 , David A Low  1 , Howard H Carter  3 , Andrew Thompson  4 , Jurgen A H R Claassen  5 , Dick H J Thijssen  1   6 , Helen Jones  7
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The impact of age, sex, cardio-respiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and baroreflex sensitivity

Joseph D Maxwell et al. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Humans display an age-related decline in cerebral blood flow and increase in blood pressure (BP), but changes in the underlying control mechanisms across the lifespan are less well understood. We aimed to; (1) examine the impact of age, sex, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and cardio-respiratory fitness on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, and (2) explore the relationships between dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS).

Methods: 206 participants aged 18-70 years were stratified into age categories. Cerebral blood flow velocity was measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Repeated squat-stand manoeuvres were performed (0.10 Hz), and transfer function analysis was used to assess dCA and cBRS. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the influence of age, sex, CVD risk, and cardio-respiratory fitness on dCA and cBRS. Linear models determined the relationship between dCA and cBRS.

Results: Age, sex, CVD risk, and cardio-respiratory fitness did not impact dCA normalised gain, phase, or coherence with minimal change in all models (P > 0.05). cBRS gain was attenuated with age when adjusted for sex and CVD risk (young-older; β = - 2.86 P < 0.001) along with cBRS phase (young-older; β = - 0.44, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between dCA normalised gain and phase with either parameter of cBRS.

Conclusion: Ageing was associated with a decreased cBRS, but dCA appears to remain unchanged. Additionally, our data suggest that sex, CVD risk, and cardio-respiratory fitness have little effect.

Keywords: Ageing; Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity; Cardio-respiratory fitness; Cerebral autoregulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Relationship between dynamic cerebral autoregulation and baroreflex sensitivity during 0.10 Hz squat-stand manoeuvres. Data presented as individual data points with R2 and P values
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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