Importance of nasal secretions in the evaluation of mucosal immunity elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104006

Comment

. 2022 May:79:104006.

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104006. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Importance of nasal secretions in the evaluation of mucosal immunity elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine

Beatrice Francavilla¹, Marzia Nuccetelli², Mariapia Guerrieri³, Denise Fiorelli², Stefano Di Girolamo³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. Electronic address: beatrice.francavilla@ptvonline.it.
² Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
³ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

PMID: 35430452
PMCID: PMC9009284
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104006

Comment

Importance of nasal secretions in the evaluation of mucosal immunity elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine

Beatrice Francavilla et al. EBioMedicine. 2022 May.

. 2022 May:79:104006.

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104006. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Authors

Beatrice Francavilla¹, Marzia Nuccetelli², Mariapia Guerrieri³, Denise Fiorelli², Stefano Di Girolamo³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. Electronic address: beatrice.francavilla@ptvonline.it.
² Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
³ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

PMID: 35430452
PMCID: PMC9009284
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104006

No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests All authors disclose no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence their work.

Comment in

Reply to the Letter to the Editor: "Importance of nasal secretions in the evaluation of mucosal immunity elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine" by Francavilla B et al.: Lack of a strong oral mucosal immune response: rethinking the route of COVID-19 vaccine boost administration?
Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Accolla RS, Forlani G. Azzi L, et al. EBioMedicine. 2022 May;79:104005. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104005. Epub 2022 Apr 15. EBioMedicine. 2022. PMID: 35436727 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Comment on

Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients.
Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Veronesi G, Shallak M, Ietto G, Iovino D, Baj A, Gianfagna F, Maurino V, Focosi D, Maggi F, Ferrario MM, Dentali F, Carcano G, Tagliabue A, Maffioli LS, Accolla RS, Forlani G. Azzi L, et al. EBioMedicine. 2022 Jan;75:103788. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103788. Epub 2021 Dec 23. EBioMedicine. 2022. PMID: 34954658 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

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Current Perspectives and Future Prospects of mRNA Vaccines against Viral Diseases: A Brief Review.
Koppu V, Poloju D, Puvvala B, Madineni K, Balaji S, Sheela CMP, Manchikanti SSC, Moon SM. Koppu V, et al. Int J Mol Cell Med. 2022;11(3):260-272. doi: 10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.11.3.260. Int J Mol Cell Med. 2022. PMID: 37605738 Free PMC article. Review.
Nasal cytological evidence of chronic inflammation in the olfactory cleft in post-viral olfactory dysfunction.
Velletrani G, Fiorelli D, Francavilla B, Nuccetelli M, Bernardini S, Masieri S, Di Girolamo S. Velletrani G, et al. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 May;282(5):2389-2397. doi: 10.1007/s00405-025-09302-2. Epub 2025 Mar 26. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025. PMID: 40140006 Free PMC article.
Differentially induced immunity in buccal and nasal mucosae after vaccination for SARS-CoV-2: Prospects for mass scale immunity-screening in large populations.
Tsamadou C, Ludwig C, Scholz J, Proffen M, Hägele J, Rode I, Körper S, Fabricius D, Jahrsdörfer B, Neuchel C, Amann E, Schrezenmeier H, Fürst D. Tsamadou C, et al. Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 17;13:999693. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999693. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 36466833 Free PMC article.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor: "Importance of nasal secretions in the evaluation of mucosal immunity elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine" by Francavilla B et al.: Lack of a strong oral mucosal immune response: rethinking the route of COVID-19 vaccine boost administration?
Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Accolla RS, Forlani G. Azzi L, et al. EBioMedicine. 2022 May;79:104005. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104005. Epub 2022 Apr 15. EBioMedicine. 2022. PMID: 35436727 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

References

1. Azzi L., Dalla Gasperina D., Veronesi G., et al. Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients. eBioMedicine. 2022;75 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103788. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Ketas T.J., Chaturbhuj D., Cruz Portillo V.M., et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are detectable in saliva. PAI. 2021;6(1):116–134. doi: 10.20411/pai.v6i1.441. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Becker M., Dulovic A., Junker D., et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vaccinated individuals. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3109. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23473-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Pinilla Y.T., Heinzel C., Caminada L.F., et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are persisting in saliva for more than 15 months after infection and become strongly boosted after vaccination. Front Immunol. 2021;12 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798859. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Guerrieri M., Francavilla B., Fiorelli D., et al. Nasal and salivary mucosal humoral immune response elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection. Vaccines. 2021;9(12):1499. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121499. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Azzi L., Dalla Gasperina D., Veronesi G., et al. Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients. eBioMedicine. 2022;75 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103788. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Azzi L., Dalla Gasperina D., Veronesi G., et al. Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients. eBioMedicine. 2022;75 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103788. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Ketas T.J., Chaturbhuj D., Cruz Portillo V.M., et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are detectable in saliva. PAI. 2021;6(1):116–134. doi: 10.20411/pai.v6i1.441. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Ketas T.J., Chaturbhuj D., Cruz Portillo V.M., et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are detectable in saliva. PAI. 2021;6(1):116–134. doi: 10.20411/pai.v6i1.441. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Becker M., Dulovic A., Junker D., et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vaccinated individuals. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3109. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23473-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Becker M., Dulovic A., Junker D., et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vaccinated individuals. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3109. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23473-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Pinilla Y.T., Heinzel C., Caminada L.F., et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are persisting in saliva for more than 15 months after infection and become strongly boosted after vaccination. Front Immunol. 2021;12 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798859. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Pinilla Y.T., Heinzel C., Caminada L.F., et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are persisting in saliva for more than 15 months after infection and become strongly boosted after vaccination. Front Immunol. 2021;12 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798859. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Guerrieri M., Francavilla B., Fiorelli D., et al. Nasal and salivary mucosal humoral immune response elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection. Vaccines. 2021;9(12):1499. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121499. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Guerrieri M., Francavilla B., Fiorelli D., et al. Nasal and salivary mucosal humoral immune response elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection. Vaccines. 2021;9(12):1499. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121499. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Importance of nasal secretions in the evaluation of mucosal immunity elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine

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Importance of nasal secretions in the evaluation of mucosal immunity elicited by mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine

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