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. 2022 Mar 11;10(4):1184-1194.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2750. eCollection 2022 Apr.

Effect of oligonol, a lychee-derived polyphenol, on skeletal muscle in ovariectomized rats by regulating body composition, protein turnover, and mitochondrial quality signaling

Jeong Hun Kim  1 , Hyangkyu Lee  2 , Ji Min Kim  3 , Byung-Joo Lee  4 , In-Joo Kim  5 , Kyoungjune Pak  5 , Yun Kyung Jeon  6 , Keunyoung Kim  5
Affiliations

Effect of oligonol, a lychee-derived polyphenol, on skeletal muscle in ovariectomized rats by regulating body composition, protein turnover, and mitochondrial quality signaling

Jeong Hun Kim et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Oligonol is a low-molecular-weight polyphenol product derived from lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits. This study was focused on the effects of oligonol on the skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. We randomly divided female Sprague-Dawley rats into three groups: a sham surgery control group (Sham), an ovariectomy (OVX) group, and an OVX group treated with oligonol (OVX + Oligonol). Oligonol was intraperitoneally administrated at 30 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks. Oligonol treatment after OVX decreased body weight and fat mass, regulated lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, without loss of lean mass and bone. Bone turnover was not affected by oligonol. In protein synthesis and degradation, oligonol increased the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and its downstream targets, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and it stimulated the expression of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway proteins, the forkhead box transcription factors of the class O and the muscle ring-finger protein-1. Moreover, oligonol treatment enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Thus, our results indicated that oligonol treatment had beneficial effects on the skeletal muscle in an estrogen-deficiency rat model.

Keywords: body composition; mitochondrial dynamics; ovariectomy; polyphenols; skeletal muscle.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Body composition and lipid metabolism. The body composition analysis included (a) body weight, (b) fat proportion (c), fat mass (d), and lean mass; (e) representative immunoblotting image and morphometric analysis of SREBP1 and CPT‐1α. Protein expression data were normalized to the GAPDH expression levels; *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, and ****p < .0001
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Bone mineral density and bone turnover. (a) Bone mineral density, (b) serum osteocalcin, and (c) serum CTX‐1; *p < .05
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Histological findings. (a) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, (b) Sirius red staining (black arrow), and (c) cross‐sectional area in the soleus muscles (n = 7 per group). Scale bars = 125 μm; magnifications, 20× for H&E staining and 10× for Sirius red staining
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Protein turnover. (a) Representative images of immunoblotting for soleus muscle, (b) mTOR protein expression, (c) phospho‐mTOR protein expression, (d) phospho‐p70s6k protein expression, (e) phospho‐4EBP1 protein expression, and (f) MuRF1 protein expression. Protein expression data were normalized to the GAPDH expression levels; *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Electron microscopy. Representative electron micrograph of the subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar area of the soleus muscle. OVX was disorganized the inner mitochondrial membrane (red arrow), and oligonol supplementation (OVX + Oligonol) was increased the size of mitochondria.; magnification, 20,000×
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Representative immunoblotting image and morphometric analysis of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in the soleus muscle. Protein expression data were normalized to the GAPDH expression levels; *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001
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