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. 2022 Apr 19;22(1):338.
doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03047-x.

The role of depression and physical activity in the association of between sleep quality, and duration with and health-related quality of life among the elderly: a UK Biobank cross-sectional study

Wei Hu  1 , Jiadong Chu  1 , Xuanli Chen  1 , Siyuan Liu  1 , Na Sun  1 , Qiang Han  1 , Tongxing Li  1 , Zhaolong Feng  1 , Qida He  1 , Yueping Shen  2
Affiliations

The role of depression and physical activity in the association of between sleep quality, and duration with and health-related quality of life among the elderly: a UK Biobank cross-sectional study

Wei Hu et al. BMC Geriatr. .

Abstract

Background: Although studies have shown that sleep quality (duration) is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), most of these studies have been small-sized and targeted at young and middle-aged adults. In addition, few studies have explored the path mechanism of sleep disorders leading to impaired HRQoL.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between sleep quality and duration and HRQoL among the elderly in the United Kingdom, assess whether depression mediated the association, and explore the role of physical activity (PA) in the path association.

Methods: Data were extracted from the baseline survey of the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study enrolling more than 500,000 participants, of which 52,551 older adults (aged ≥60 years) were included in the study. HRQoL was assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions. Tobit and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between sleep quality and duration and HRQoL. The mediating and moderated mediation models were estimated using the PROCESS macro and MEDCURVE macro.

Results: The Tobit model showed that the elderly with short or long sleep duration (β = - 0.062, 95% confidence interval [CI] = - 0.071 to - 0.053; β = - 0.072, 95% CI = - 0.086 to - 0.058) had worse HRQoL after adjusting potential covariates. In the logistic regression models, we found an inverted U-shaped association between sleep duration and HRQoL. Moreover, a significant positive association was observed between sleep quality and HRQoL (all P < 0.05). The results also revealed that depression mediated the association between sleep disorders and HRQoL (sleep quality: β = 0.008, 95% CI = 0.007-0.010; sleep duration: θ = 0.001 [mean], 95% CI = 0.001-0.002). Furthermore, PA moderated all paths among sleep quality and duration, depression, and HRQoL, and greater effects were observed in the elderly with lower PA levels.

Conclusions: The findings show that poor sleep quality and duration were independently associated with worse HRQoL among the elderly in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, PA buffers the mediating effect of depression and adverse effects of sleep disorders on HRQoL. It is essential to properly increase PA and provide early intervention for depression in the elderly with sleep disorders to improve their HRQoL.

Keywords: Depression; Elderly; Health-related quality of life; Physical activity; Sleep quality and duration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Association between sleep duration categories and low health-related quality of life among the elderly
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Association between sleep quality, duration, and self-reported the incidence of EQ-5D-5L problems among the elderly
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The mediating effect path diagram
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
PA moderated the indirect (a, b) and direct effect (c) between sleep quality and HRQoL
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The mediation model of quadratic sleep duration on HRQoL through depression among the elderly
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
PA moderated the mediating (a, b) and direct effect (c) between sleep duration and HRQoL
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