Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition diagnosis of malnutrition

Charlene Compher¹, Tommy Cederholm^{2

3}, Maria Isabel T D Correia⁴, Maria Cristina Gonzalez⁵, Takashi Higashiguch⁶, Han Ping Shi⁷, Stephan C Bischoff⁸, Yves Boirie⁹, Fernando Carrasco¹⁰, Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft¹¹, Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky¹², Ryoji Fukushima¹³, Steven B Heymsfield¹⁴, Marina Mourtzakis¹⁵, Maurizio Muscaritoli¹⁶, Kristina Norman^{17

18}, Ibolya Nyulasi^{19

20

21}, Veeradej Pisprasert²², Carla M Prado²³, Marian de van der Schuren^{24

25}, Sadao Yoshida²⁶, Jianchun Yu²⁷, Gordon Jensen²⁸, Rocco Barazzoni²⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
² Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
³ Theme Inflammation & Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴ Department of Surgery, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
⁵ Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
⁶ Yonaha Okanoue Hospital, Kuwana, Japan.
⁷ Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁸ Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
⁹ Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clinical Nutrition Department, INRAE, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
¹⁰ Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Bariatric Surgery Center, University of Chile, and Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
¹¹ Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
¹² Clinical Nutrition Department, Hospital General de México, Ciudad de México, México.
¹³ Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine/Health and Dietetics Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁴ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁷ Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
¹⁹ Nutrition Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²⁰ Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
²¹ Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²² Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
²³ Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
²⁴ Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, School of Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
²⁵ Wageningen University & Research, Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
²⁶ Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, Okinawa-city, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
²⁷ Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
²⁸ Dean's Office, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
²⁹ Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

PMID: 35437785
DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2366

Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition diagnosis of malnutrition

Charlene Compher et al. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Aug.

. 2022 Aug;46(6):1232-1242.

doi: 10.1002/jpen.2366. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
² Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
³ Theme Inflammation & Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴ Department of Surgery, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
⁵ Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
⁶ Yonaha Okanoue Hospital, Kuwana, Japan.
⁷ Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁸ Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
⁹ Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clinical Nutrition Department, INRAE, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
¹⁰ Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Bariatric Surgery Center, University of Chile, and Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
¹¹ Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
¹² Clinical Nutrition Department, Hospital General de México, Ciudad de México, México.
¹³ Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine/Health and Dietetics Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁴ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁷ Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
¹⁹ Nutrition Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²⁰ Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
²¹ Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²² Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
²³ Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
²⁴ Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, School of Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
²⁵ Wageningen University & Research, Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
²⁶ Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, Okinawa-city, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
²⁷ Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
²⁸ Dean's Office, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
²⁹ Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

PMID: 35437785
DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2366

Abstract

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provides consensus criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition that can be widely applied. The GLIM approach is based on the assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and low skeletal muscle mass) and two etiologic (low food intake and presence of disease with systemic inflammation) criteria, with diagnosis confirmed by any combination of one phenotypic and one etiologic criterion fulfilled. Assessment of muscle mass is less commonly performed than other phenotypic malnutrition criteria, and its interpretation may be less straightforward, particularly in settings that lack access to skilled clinical nutrition practitioners and/or to body composition methodologies. In order to promote the widespread assessment of skeletal muscle mass as an integral part of the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition, the GLIM consortium appointed a working group to provide consensus-based guidance on assessment of skeletal muscle mass. When such methods and skills are available, quantitative assessment of muscle mass should be measured or estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, or bioelectrical impedance analysis. For settings where these resources are not available, then the use of anthropometric measures and physical examination are also endorsed. Validated ethnic- and sex-specific cutoff values for each measurement and tool are recommended when available. Measurement of skeletal muscle function is not advised as surrogate measurement of muscle mass. However, once malnutrition is diagnosed, skeletal muscle function should be investigated as a relevant component of sarcopenia and for complete nutrition assessment of persons with malnutrition.

Keywords: adult life cycle; nutrition assessment nutrition; weight loss.

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Comment in

Lean body mass should not be used as a surrogate measurement of muscle mass in malnourished men and women: Comment on Compher et al.
Evans WJ. Evans WJ. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Sep;46(7):1497-1499. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2384. Epub 2022 Apr 30. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022. PMID: 35437790 No abstract available.
Response to "Lean body mass should not be used as a surrogate measurement of muscle mass in malnourished men and women: Comment on Compher et al" .
Heymsfield SB, Prado CM, Gonzalez MC, Cederholm T, Jensen GL, Barazzoni R, Compher C. Heymsfield SB, et al. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Sep;46(7):1500-1501. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2414. Epub 2022 Jun 7. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022. PMID: 35633304 No abstract available.
Role of ultrasound in the nutritional assessment of critically ill patients.
Hernández-Socorro CR, Ruiz-Santana S. Hernández-Socorro CR, et al. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2024 Apr;48(4):235-237. doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2023.12.001. Epub 2023 Dec 14. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2024. PMID: 38101954 No abstract available.

References

REFERENCES

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1. Jensen GL. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition: a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2019;43(1):32-40.
1. de van der Schueren MAE, Keller H, Glim C, et al. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM): guidance on validation of the operational criteria for the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition in adults. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(9):2872-2880.
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Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition diagnosis of malnutrition

Affiliations

Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition diagnosis of malnutrition

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Comment in

References

REFERENCES

MeSH terms