Current state of dental informatics in the field of health information systems: a scoping review

Abstract

Background: Over the past 50 years, dental informatics has developed significantly in the field of health information systems. Accordingly, several studies have been conducted on standardized clinical coding systems, data capture, and clinical data reuse in dentistry.

Methods: Based on the definition of health information systems, the literature search was divided into three specific sub-searches: "standardized clinical coding systems," "data capture," and "reuse of routine patient care data." PubMed and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles. The review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR protocol.

Results: A total of 44 articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Of these, 15 were related to "standardized clinical coding systems," 15 to "data capture," and 14 to "reuse of routine patient care data." Articles related to standardized clinical coding systems focused on the design and/or development of proposed systems, on their evaluation and validation, on their adoption in academic settings, and on user perception. Articles related to data capture addressed the issue of data completeness, evaluated user interfaces and workflow integration, and proposed technical solutions. Finally, articles related to reuse of routine patient care data focused on clinical decision support systems centered on patient care, institutional or population-based health monitoring support systems, and clinical research.

Conclusions: While the development of health information systems, and especially standardized clinical coding systems, has led to significant progress in research and quality measures, most reviewed articles were published in the US. Clinical decision support systems that reuse EDR data have been little studied. Likewise, few studies have examined the working environment of dental practitioners or the pedagogical value of using health information systems in dentistry.

Keywords: Clinical coding; Data capture; Dental informatics; Electronic health records; Health information systems; Medical data reuse; User-computer interface.

Fig. 1

PRISMA flow diagram of the search for studies on health information systems in dentistry and standardized clinical coding systems

Fig. 2

PRISMA flow diagram of the search for studies on health information systems in dentistry and data capture

Fig. 3

PRISMA flow diagram of the search for studies on health information systems in dentistry and reuse of routine patient care data

Fig. 4

Design and development of standardized clinical coding systems [, , –20, 23, 25, 32]. DDS: dental diagnostic system; OBO: open biomedical ontologies; ANSI: American National Standards Institute

Fig. 5

Learning Health Care System

Fig. 6

SNOMED CT and its subsets [14, 32, 65]