Cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers for targeted therapy of pulmonary disease

Abstract

Pulmonary diseases are currently one of the major threats of human health, especially considering the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, the current treatments are facing the challenges like insufficient local drug concentrations, the fast lung clearance and risks to induce unexpected inflammation. Cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers are recently emerged delivery strategy, showing advantages of long circulation time, excellent biocompatibility and immune escape ability. In this review, applications of using cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers from diverse cell sources for the targeted therapy of pulmonary disease were summarized. In addition, improvements of the cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers for augmented therapeutic ability against different kinds of pulmonary diseases were introduced. This review is expected to provide a general guideline for the potential applications of cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers to treat pulmonary diseases.

Keywords: Biomimetic; Cell membrane; Lung targeting; Nanoparticles; Pulmonary disease.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Engineering strategies of biomimetic membrane: metabolic engineering, lipid insertion, membrane hybridization, and genetic modification.

Fig. 2

Tumor penetration, biodistribution and therapeutic effect of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers constructed by lipid insertion. A) Schematic diagram of arginyl-glycyl-aspartate (RGD) peptide modified red blood cell membrane (RBCm) biomimetic carrier. B) Penetration ability in B16F10 tumor cell spheres. C) Biodistribution of different carriers after 24 h. D) Lung and hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining images after different treatments. (Scale bar = 100 μm) (Liu et al., 2018b). Copyright 2018, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 3

The cellular uptake efficiency, biodistribution and therapeutic effects of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers constructed by membrane hybridization. A) Schematic illustration of hybrid membrane coated nanoparticles. B) Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) fluorescence images of cell uptake. (Scale bar = 50 μm). C) Organ uptake of different carriers. D) Images of lung tumor nodules. E) Mean survival period after different treatments (Gong et al., 2020). Copyright 2022, BioMed Central Ltd.

Fig. 4

The biodistribution and pulmonary inflammation elimination effects of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers constructed by genetic modification. A) Diagram of genetically engineered cell membrane coated nanoparticles with overexpression of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) for inflammatory lung targeting. B) Biodistribution of membrane biomimetic carriers with or without genetic modification after intravenous injection. C) Interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentration in pulmonary sites after different treatments. D) H & E staining images in lung tissue after different treatments (Park et al., 2021). Copyright 2021, AAAS.