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Review
. 2022 Apr 3;9(4):153.
doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9040153.

COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Review of Rapid Antigen, RT-PCR and Artificial Intelligence Methods

Raphael Taiwo Aruleba  1 , Tayo Alex Adekiya  2 , Nimibofa Ayawei  3 , George Obaido  4 , Kehinde Aruleba  5 , Ibomoiye Domor Mienye  6 , Idowu Aruleba  6 , Blessing Ogbuokiri  7
Affiliations
Review

COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Review of Rapid Antigen, RT-PCR and Artificial Intelligence Methods

Raphael Taiwo Aruleba et al. Bioengineering (Basel). .

Abstract

As of 27 December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 278 million persons and caused 5.3 million deaths. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, different methods, from medical to artificial intelligence, have been used for its detection, diagnosis, and surveillance. Meanwhile, fast and efficient point-of-care (POC) testing and self-testing kits have become necessary in the fight against COVID-19 and to assist healthcare personnel and governments curb the spread of the virus. This paper presents a review of the various types of COVID-19 detection methods, diagnostic technologies, and surveillance approaches that have been used or proposed. The review provided in this article should be beneficial to researchers in this field and health policymakers at large.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; artificial intelligence; deep learning; machine learning; molecular diagnosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The diagram depicts four pipeline for diagnostics technologies development. In most cases, stages 1 and 2 are designed and achieved by researchers while stages 3 and 4 typically involve commercial transfer to companies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Deep learning model for COVID-19 detection [78].
Figure 3
Figure 3
A pipeline of drug discovery and development [125].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Digital tools for pandemic preparedness and response [139].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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