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Review
. 2022 Apr 17;8(4):413.
doi: 10.3390/jof8040413.

Current Landscape of Coccidioidomycosis

Ryan Boro  1 , Prema C Iyer  1 , Maciej A Walczak  2
Affiliations
Review

Current Landscape of Coccidioidomycosis

Ryan Boro et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, is an endemic fungal infection commonly found in the southwestern parts of the United States. However, the disease has seen an increase in both in its area of residency and its prevalence. This review compiles some of the latest information on the epidemiology, current and in-development pharmaceutical approaches to treat the disease, trends and projections, diagnostic concerns, and the overlapping dynamics of coccidioidomycosis and COVID-19, including in special populations. This review provides an overview of the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and identifies areas of future development.

Keywords: Coccidioides spp.; antifungal agents; coccidioidomycosis; fungal co-infections.

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Conflict of interest statement

The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Regions of Coccidioides burden. Regions in North America have a longer history of surveillance than Central and South America. It is suggested due to the discrepancy that the impact of CM may be underestimated in Central and South America [5,6,7]. Figure created with MapChart.net.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Life cycle of Coccidioides. The fungus possesses a dimorphic life cycle, living saprotrophically in soil and parasitically in its host at different intervals of the cycle. Recently, an alternative hypothesis formed, suggesting the species may be endozoan.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fungal targets relevant to CM in current treatment, clinical trials, or preclinical development.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Drugs relevant to CM in current treatment, clinical trials, or preclinical development with class and targets.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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