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. 2022 Mar 27;14(4):240.
doi: 10.3390/toxins14040240.

Optimization of Biodegradation Characteristics of Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 against Crude Microcystin-LR Using Response Surface Methodology

Isaac Yaw Massey  1 , Tangjian Peng  2 , Cai Danping  2 , Fei Yang  1   2   3
Affiliations

Optimization of Biodegradation Characteristics of Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 against Crude Microcystin-LR Using Response Surface Methodology

Isaac Yaw Massey et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 has proven to be efficient in biodegrading microcystin (MC)-leucine (L) and arginine (R) (MC-LR); however, the optimal environmental factors to biodegrade the toxin have not been investigated. In this study, the biodegrading characteristics of strain YF1 against MC-LR were assessed under diverse environmental factors, including temperature (20, 30 or 40 °C), pH (5, 7 or 9) and MC-LR concentration (1, 3 or 5 µg/mL). Data obtained from the single-factor experiment indicated that MC-LR biodegradation by strain YF1 was temperature-, pH- and MC-LR-concentration-dependent, and the maximal biodegradation rate occurred at 5 µg/mL/h. Proposing Box-Behnken Design in response surface methodology, the influence of the three environmental factors on the biodegradation efficiency of MC-LR using strain YF1 was determined. A 17-run experiment was generated and carried out, including five replications performed at the center point. The ANOVA analysis demonstrated that the model was significant, and the model prediction of MC-LR biodegradation was also validated with the experimental data. The quadratic statistical model was established to predict the interactive effects of the environmental factors on MC-LR biodegradation efficiency and to optimize the controlling parameters. The optimal conditions for MC-LR biodegradation were observed at 30 °C, pH 7 and 3 µg/mL MC-LR, with a biodegradation efficiency of 100% after 60 min. The determination of the optimal environmental factors will help to unveil the detailed biodegradation mechanism of MC-LR by strain YF1 and to apply it into the practice of eliminating MC-LR from the environment.

Keywords: MC-LR; Sphingopyxis sp. YF1; biodegradation; multiple environmental factor optimization; response surface methodology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of temperature on crude MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. YF1. The error bars demonstrate the standard deviation of two replicates.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of pH on crude MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. YF1. The error bars indicate the standard deviation of two replicates.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of crude MC-LR concentrations on the biodegradation of crude MC-LR by Sphingopyxis sp. YF1. The error bars uncover the standard deviation of two replicates.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The normal plot of residual graph displaying a normal distribution. By displaying a normal distribution, it confirms the normality assumptions made earlier and the independence of the residuals.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Response surface of environmental factors ((a) Response surface of temperature and pH on crude MC-LR biodegradation ratio, (b) Contour map showing the influence of temperature and pH on crude MC-LR biodegradation ratio, (c) Response surface of crude MC-LR concentration and temperature on crude MC-LR biodegradation ratio, (d) Contour map showing the influence of crude MC-LR concentration and temperature on crude MC-LR biodegradation ratio, (e) Response surface of crude MC-LR concentration and pH on crude MC-LR biodegradation ratio, (f) Contour map showing the influence of crude MC-LR concentration and pH on crude MC-LR biodegradation ratio).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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