SYMptoms in chronic heart failure imPACT on burden of treatment (SYMPACT): a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to describe patient-reported symptoms and burden of treatment (BoT) experienced by patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). BoT describes the illness workload, individual capacity to perform that work, and resultant impact on the individual. Overwhelming BoT is related to poor quality of life and worse clinical outcomes. This research is the first to explore symptoms and BoT in people with CHF, in the UK.

Methods and results: This is a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of CHF patients. Participants completed the Heart Failure Symptom Survey (HFSS; max score 10) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ; max scores: physical 40, emotional 25, and total 105), which measured symptoms. BoT was measured with the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management (PETS; max score 100) questionnaires. Participant characteristics and questionnaire results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Relationships between symptoms and BoT, summarized by the workload and impact indices, were explored using Spearman's and Pearson's correlation coefficients together with scatter plots. The survey was completed by 333 participants, mean age of 71 (±13) years old. The majority (89%) were recruited from secondary care NHS trusts, and 25% were female. All types of heart failure were represented. Mean symptom scores were as follows: HFSS burden score: 2.4 (±2.1), and MLHFQ scores: physical score 20 (±12.4), emotional score 9.9 (±8.1), and total score 41.3 (±26.3). The highest mean PETS domain scores were exercise [51.3 (±24.7)], diet [40.3 (±22.7)], difficulty with healthcare services [39.9 (±21.3)], and physical and mental fatigue [36.0 (±25.7)]. Pairwise correlations were observed between HFSS scores and MLHFQ physical and emotional sub-scores with PETS workload and impact indices. Positive correlations were weak to moderate (0.326-0.487) between workload index and symptoms, and moderate to strong between impact index and symptoms (0.553-0.725). The P value was 0.006, adjusted by Bonferroni's correction.

Conclusions: Symptoms are associated with BoT in CHF patients. Although symptom burden was low, CHF patients reported higher levels of burden around self-care activities of exercise, diet, healthcare interaction, as well as physical and mental fatigue due to engagement with self-care regimens. Observed higher levels of burden were in key self-care areas for CHF and suggest areas where service delivery and support of CHF patients may be improved to reduce BoT. Clinicians could individualize their consultations by focusing on troublesome symptoms, as well as alleviating illness workload, which may better enable patients to live well with CHF.

Keywords: Burden of treatment; Chronic heart failure; Cross-sectional survey; Self-care; Symptoms.

Figure 1

Scatter plots of burden of treatment indices [Patient Experience with Treatment and Self‐management (PETS)] and symptom scores [Heart Failure Symptom Survey (HFSS) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ)]. Workload is shown in (A), and impact is shown in (B). Linear line of best fit and 95% confidence lines shown.

Figure 2

Normality examinations of Heart Failure Symptom Survey (HFSS) burden, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) scores, and Patient Experience with Treatment and Self‐management (PETS) indices. (A) Histograms with normal curves for all variables used in correlations. (B) Normal Q–Q curves for those same variables. (C) The normality test results.

Figure 3

Interaction of chronic heart failure symptoms with burden of treatment. Thicker line represents strong statistical association between these factors as seen in the results.