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. 2022 Aug;25(8):2064-2073.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980022000945. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Social determinants of obesity in American Indian and Alaska Native peoples aged ≥ 50 years

R Turner Goins  1 , Cheryl Conway  2 , Margaret Reid  3 , Luohua Jiang  4 , Jenny Chang  4 , Kimberly R Huyser  5 , Angela G Brega  6 , John F Steiner  7 , Amber L Fyfe-Johnson  8 , Michelle Johnson-Jennings  9 , Vanessa Hiratsuka  10 , Spero M Manson  6 , Joan O'Connell  6
Affiliations

Social determinants of obesity in American Indian and Alaska Native peoples aged ≥ 50 years

R Turner Goins et al. Public Health Nutr. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: American Indian and Alaska Native peoples (AI/AN) have a disproportionately high rate of obesity, but little is known about the social determinants of obesity among older AI/AN. Thus, our study assessed social determinants of obesity in AI/AN aged ≥ 50 years.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using multivariate generalised linear mixed models to identify social determinants associated with the risk of being classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2). Analyses were conducted for the total study population and stratified by median county poverty level.

Setting: Indian Health Service (IHS) data for AI/AN who used IHS services in FY2013.

Participants: Totally, 27 696 AI/AN aged ≥ 50 years without diabetes.

Results: Mean BMI was 29·8 ± 6·6 with 43 % classified as obese. Women were more likely to be obese than men, and younger ages were associated with higher obesity risk. While having Medicaid coverage was associated with lower odds of obesity, private health insurance was associated with higher odds. Living in areas with lower rates of educational attainment and longer drive times to primary care services were associated with higher odds of obesity. Those who lived in a county where a larger percentage of people had low access to a grocery store were significantly less likely to be obese.

Conclusions: Our findings contribute to the understanding of social determinants of obesity among older AI/AN and highlight the need to investigate AI/AN obesity, including longitudinal studies with a life course perspective to further examine social determinants of obesity in older AI/AN.

Keywords: Alaska Native peoples; American Indian peoples; Obesity; Older adults; Social determinants of health.

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