Transfusion in Root Replacement for Aortic Dissection: The STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database Analysis

Abstract

Background: Transfusion in acute aortic syndromes has been studied in a limited fashion. We sought to describe contemporary transfusion practice for root replacement in acute (Stanford) type A aortic dissection.

Methods: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database was interrogated to identify patients who underwent primary aortic root replacement for acute (Stanford) type A aortic dissection (July 2014 to June 2017). Patients (n = 1558) were stratified by type of root replacement. Multivariate regression was used to determine those variables associated with transfusion and postoperative morbidity.

Results: Transfusion was required in 90.5% of cases (n = 1410). Operative mortality for all patients was 17.3% (261 deaths). Intraoperative red blood cell transfusion portended reduced short-term survival (odds ratio [OR] 2.00, P = .025). Massive postoperative transfusion was associated with prolonged ventilation (OR 13.47, P < .001), sepsis (OR 4.13, P < .001), and new dialysis-dependent renal failure (OR 2.43, P < .001). Women were more likely to require transfusion (OR 3.03, P < .001), as were patients who had coronary artery bypass (OR 1.57, P = .009), and those in shock (OR 2.27, P < .001). Valve-sparing aortic root replacement was associated with reduced transfusion requirements vs composite roots. Institutional case volume was not appreciably correlated with transfusion.

Conclusions: Most patients undergoing root replacement for aortic dissection require blood products. Composite root replacement is associated with a greater likelihood of transfusion than a valve-sparing operation. Transfusion independently foreshadows greater operative mortality.