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. 2022 Apr 5;11(4):482.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11040482.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Essential Oils: Experimental and Computational Approaches

Fahd Kandsi  1 , Amine Elbouzidi  2 , Fatima Zahra Lafdil  1 , Nada Meskali  2 , Ali Azghar  3 , Mohamed Addi  2 , Christophe Hano  4   5 , Adil Maleb  3 , Nadia Gseyra  1
Affiliations

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Essential Oils: Experimental and Computational Approaches

Fahd Kandsi et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants, also known as Mexican tea, and locally known as Mkhinza, is a polymorphic annual and perennial herb, and it is widely used in folk medicine to treat a broad range of illnesses in Morocco. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical content and the antioxidant and the antibacterial properties of essential oils isolated from D. ambrosioides aerial components, growing in Eastern Morocco (Figuig). Hydrodistillation was used to separate D. ambrosioides essential oils, and the abundance of each phytocompound was determined by using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and inhibition of β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assays were used to determine D. ambrosioides essential oils' antioxidant activity. The findings revealed relative antioxidative power and modest radical scavenging. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils was broad-spectrum, with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis as the most susceptible strains tested. To elucidate the physicochemical nature, drug-likeness, and the antioxidant and antibacterial action of the identified phytocomponents, computational techniques, such as ADMET analysis, and molecular docking were used.

Keywords: Dysphania ambrosioides; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; computational study; essential oils; molecular docking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of the identified phytocompounds by GC–MS in D. ambrosioides essential oils, along with their compound CID.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DPPH free radical scavenging activity of DAEOs (FEO, SEO, and LEO), and Ascorbic Acid (AA). The experiment was carried out in a minimum of three repetitions, and the results are reported as mean ± SD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Half inhibition concentration (IC50) of DAEOs (FEO, SEO, and LEO) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The experiment was carried out in a minimum of triplicate, and the results are reported as mean ± SD.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Phytoconstituents bioavailability radars considering six physicochemical properties (lipophilicity, size, polarity, solubility, flexibility, and saturation) ideal for oral bioavailability. Note: (1) (+)-4-Carene, (2) m-Cymene, (3) D-Limonene, (4) γ-Terpinene, (5) 5-Methyl-3-Hepten-2-One, (6) α-Cyclogeraniol Acetate, (7) Thymol, (8) 1-(4-Bromobutyl)-2-Piperidinone, (9) (1R,2R,3R,5S)-(-)-Isopinocampheol, (10) Camphor, (11) α-Terpineol Acetate, (12) Carvenone Oxide, (13) Carvacrol, (14) trans-β-Terpinyl Butanoate, and (15) Ascaridole.
Figure 5
Figure 5
BOILED-Egg model of DAEOs phytocompounds, using Swiss ADME predictor. Note: (1) (+)-4-Carene, (2) m-Cymene, (3) D-Limonene, (4) γ-Terpinene, (5) 5-Methyl-3-Hepten-2-One, (6) α-Cyclogeraniol Acetate, (7) Thymol, (8) 1-(4-Bromobutyl)-2-Piperidinone, (9) (1R,2R,3R,5S)-(-)-Isopinocampheol, (10) Camphor, (11) α-Terpineol Acetate, (12) Carvenone Oxide, (13) Carvacrol, (14) trans-β-Terpinyl Butanoate, and(15) Ascaridole.
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