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Review
. 2022 Apr 16;11(4):532.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11040532.

Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Monophasic Variant 1,4,[5],12:i:-in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Xiaojie Qin  1 , Mingzhe Yang  1 , Hua Cai  2 , Yangtai Liu  1 , Leon Gorris  3 , Muhammad Zohaib Aslam  1 , Kai Jia  1 , Tianmei Sun  1 , Xiang Wang  1 , Qingli Dong  1
Affiliations
Review

Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Monophasic Variant 1,4,[5],12:i:-in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Xiaojie Qin et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella is a global public health problem. Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-), a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhmurium, is one of the leading Salmonella serovars in several countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance to this serovar in China through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nineteen eligible studies during 2011-2021 were included. A total of 4514 isolates from humans, animals, foods, and the environment were reported, which mainly concerned isolates found in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, and Shanghai. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled resistance rate of S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-. Rates were found to be very high (values ≥ 75%) for tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin; high (50-75%) for nalidixic acid, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and chloramphenicol; and moderate (25-50%) for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, trimethoprim, and gentamicin. The rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazidime, and colistin were low (values ≤ 25%), but of great concern in terms of their current clinical importance. Furthermore, a high multidrug resistance rate (86%, 95% CI: 78-92%) was present in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-, with the ASSuT pattern largely dominating. Subgroup analysis results showed that the high heterogeneity of resistance rates was not entirely dependent on isolated sources. Taken together, the severity of antibiotic resistance in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- urgently requires the rational use of antibiotics in future infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs.

Keywords: Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:-; antibiotic resistance; meta-analysis; multidrug resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flowchart diagram for the selection process of eligible studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Data on isolates of S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- extracted from eligible studies concerning (A) sources, (B) geographical locations in China, and (C) detection rates of antibiotic resistance genes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Resistance rate of S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- to antibiotics by sampling sources. Antibiotics in the left picture: AMP, ampicillin; AMC, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid; CTX, cefotaxime; CAZ, ceftazidime; FEP, cefepime; CRO, ceftriaxone; GEN, gentamicin; STR, streptomycin; KAN, kanamycin. Antibiotics in the right picture: SXT, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole; SUL, sulfisoxazole; TMP, trimethoprim; CHL, chloramphenicol; CL, colistin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; NAL, nalidixic acid; TET, tetracycline. Lines indicate 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The pooled prevalence rates of MDR S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- in 13 Chinese provincial regions based on the eligible studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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