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. 2022 Mar 30;12(4):859.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12040859.

Systemic Inflammatory Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

Bartosz Kudlinski  1 , Dominika Zgoła  1 , Marta Stolińska  1 , Magdalena Murkos  1 , Jagoda Kania  1 , Pawel Nowak  2 , Anna Noga  2 , Magdalena Wojciech  3 , Gabriel Zaborniak  3 , Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny  4
Affiliations

Systemic Inflammatory Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

Bartosz Kudlinski et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether routine blood tests and clinical characteristics can predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19. Clinical data of 285 patients aged 59.7 ± 10.3 yrs. (males n = 189, females n = 96) were retrospectively collected from December 2020 to June 2021. Routine blood tests were recorded within the 1st hour of admission to hospital. The inflammatory variables, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophils−lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the systemic inflammatory index (SII), exceeded the reference values in all patients and were significantly higher in deceased patients (n = 108) compared to survivors (n = 177). The log-rank test for comparing two survival curves showed that patients aged ≥60.5 years, with PCT ≥ 0.188 ng/mL or NLR ≥ 11.57 103/µL were at a greater risk of death. NLR demonstrated a high impact on the COVID-19 mortality (HR 1.317; 95%CI 1.004−1.728; p < 0.05), whereas CRP and SII showed no effect (HR 1.000; 95%CI 1.000−1.004; p = 0.085 and HR 1.078; 95%CI 0.865−1.344; p = 0.503, respectively). In the first Polish study including COVID-19 patients, we demonstrated that age in relation to simple parameters derived from complete blood cell count has prognostic implications in the course of COVID-19 and can identify the patients at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.

Keywords: age; comorbidities; lymphocytes; neutrophils; survival analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan-Meier survival curves during hospitalisation of COVID-19 patients with different cut-off values of the age and systemic inflammation markers: (a) age; (b) C-reactive protein; (c) procalcitonin; (d) the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; (e) the systemic immune inflammation index. The dotted line designates median survival. The survival comparison was performed using the log-rank test.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan-Meier survival curves during hospitalisation of COVID-19 patients with different cut-off values of the age and systemic inflammation markers: (a) age; (b) C-reactive protein; (c) procalcitonin; (d) the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; (e) the systemic immune inflammation index. The dotted line designates median survival. The survival comparison was performed using the log-rank test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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