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. 2022 Apr 12;15(8):2811.
doi: 10.3390/ma15082811.

A Multi-Parameter Integrated Sensor Based on Selectively Filled D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber

Dan Yang  1 , Tiesheng Wu  1   2   3 , Yiping Wang  2   3 , Weiping Cao  1 , Huixian Zhang  1 , Zhihui Liu  1 , Zuning Yang  1
Affiliations

A Multi-Parameter Integrated Sensor Based on Selectively Filled D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber

Dan Yang et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

We propose and numerically investigate a multi-parameter integrated sensor based on a selectively filled D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The simple structure can be used to comprehensively detect refractive index, magnetic field, temperature, and voltage. According to the surface plasmon resonance and directional coupling effect, the PCF is coated with a gold nano-film to detect the refractive index of the external environment. In addition, magnetic fluid (water-based Fe3O4), toluene, and nematic liquid crystal (NLC E7) are selectively filled into different cladding air holes of the D-shaped PCF to realize the different sensing of the magnetic field, temperature, and voltage. The measurement of refractive index, magnetic field, temperature, and voltage are independent of each other, so these four parameters can be measured simultaneously. The sensing characteristics of the proposed structure are investigated systematically by the finite element method. The results show that the sensitivities of refractive index, magnetic field, temperature, and voltage are 4600 nm/RIU, 1.375 nm/Oe, 15.143 nm/°C, and 0.971 nm/V, respectively. The presented design based on materials selectively filled with D-shaped PCF might enable promising application in multi-parameter optical sensing.

Keywords: D-shaped photonic crystal fiber; multi-parameter; selective filling; sensor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structure diagram of the selectively filled D-shaped PCF.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The loss spectrum of the core guide mode of the D-shaped PCF when n = 1.41, H = 250 Oe, T = 20 °C, and V = 30 V, the insets are the mode field distribution of peak 2, peak 3, and peak 4, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
When H = 250 Oe, T = 20 °C, and V = 30 V, under different RIs, (a) the loss spectrum of the core guide mode, (b) the variation relationship between the resonance wavelength corresponding to peak 1 and RI.
Figure 4
Figure 4
When n = 1.41, T = 20 °C, and V = 30 V, under different magnetic field strengths, (a) the loss spectrum of the core guide mode, (b) the variation relationship between the resonance wavelength corresponding to peak 2 and the magnetic field strength.
Figure 5
Figure 5
When n = 1.41, T = 20 °C, and H = 250 Oe, under different voltages, (a) the loss spectrum of the core guide mode, (b) the variation relationship between the resonance wavelength corresponding to peak 4 and the voltages.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) The loss spectrum of the core guide mode with three different temperatures when n = 1.41, H = 250 Oe, and V = 30 V. The variation relationship between the resonant wavelength corresponding to different peaks and temperature: (b) peak 2, (c) peak 3, and (d) peak 4.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The loss spectrum of the core guide mode under different air hole diameters (a) d, (b) d1, (c) d2, and (d) d3. The variation relationship between the resonance wavelength and the external parameters under different air hole diameters d (e) RI, (f) magnetic field, (g) temperature, and (h) voltage.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) The loss spectrum of the core guide mode with different hole spacing Λ. The variation relationship between the resonance wavelength and the external parameters (b) magnetic field, (c) temperature, and (d) voltage.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) The loss spectrum of the core guide mode under different metal nano-film thicknesses. (b) The variation relationship between the resonance wavelength and n.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The loss spectrum of the core guide mode under three polishing depths.
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