Pharmacological Strategies and Recent Advancement in Nano-Drug Delivery for Targeting Asthma

Abstract

With a high prevalence globally, asthma is a severe hazard to human health, as well as an economic and social burden. There are now novel therapies available for asthma with the use of nanotechnology. Recent developments in nanoscience and medicine have encouraged the creation of inhalable nanomedicines that can enhance the efficacy, patient compliance, and life quality for sufferers of asthma. Nanocarriers for asthma therapy, including liposomes, micelles, polymers, dendrimers, and inorganics, are presented in depth in this study as well as the current research status of these nanocarriers. Aerosolized nanomaterial-based drug transport systems are currently being developed, and some examples of these systems, as well as prospective future paths, are discussed. New research subjects include nano-modification of medicines and the development of innovative nano-drugs. Clinical experiments have proven that nanocarriers are both safe and effective. Before nanotherapy can be applied in clinical practice, several obstacles must be addressed. We look at some of the most recent research discoveries in the subject of nanotechnology and asthma therapy in this article.

Keywords: asthma; dendrimers; liposome; nano-drug delivery; polymers.

Figure 1

Etiopathogenesis of asthma. Cells, chemokines, and cytokines, all have a role in the development of asthma. Neutrophils and eosinophils are two types of effector cells. In the case of an allergic response mediated by IgE, eosinophils are activated, resulting in the production of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-13, and IL-4, as well as histamine, which is released. More research is needed to understand the neutrophilic response; however, it may represent a transition from early Th2 or the result of early Th1/Th17 activation and IL-8 release. H1, histamine; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IgE, immunoglobulin E; IL, interleukin; ILC, innate lymphoid cell; Th, T helper cells.

Figure 2

Classes of nanoparticles for the treatment of asthma.