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Review
. 2022 Apr 12;15(4):463.
doi: 10.3390/ph15040463.

Microbiological, Clinical, and PK/PD Features of the New Anti-Gram-Negative Antibiotics: β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Combination and Cefiderocol-An All-Inclusive Guide for Clinicians

Luigi Principe  1 , Tommaso Lupia  2 , Lilia Andriani  3 , Floriana Campanile  4 , Davide Carcione  5 , Silvia Corcione  6 , Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa  2   6 , Roberto Luzzati  7 , Giacomo Stroffolini  6 , Marina Steyde  7 , Giuliana Decorti  7   8 , Stefano Di Bella  7
Affiliations
Review

Microbiological, Clinical, and PK/PD Features of the New Anti-Gram-Negative Antibiotics: β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Combination and Cefiderocol-An All-Inclusive Guide for Clinicians

Luigi Principe et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

Bacterial resistance mechanisms are continuously and rapidly evolving. This is particularly true for Gram-negative bacteria. Over the last decade, the strategy to develop new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs) combinations has paid off and results from phase 3 and real-world studies are becoming available for several compounds. Cefiderocol warrants a separate discussion for its peculiar mechanism of action. Considering the complexity of summarizing and integrating the emerging literature data of clinical outcomes, microbiological mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of the new BL/BLI and cefiderocol, we aimed to provide an overview of data on the following compounds: aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefiderocol, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. Each compound is described in a dedicated section by experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, and pharmacology, with tables providing at-a-glance information.

Keywords: cefiderocol; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; β-lactamase inhibitors; β-lactams.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of (a) β-lactams and (b) β-lactamase inhibitors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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