Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Apr 12;15(4):463.
doi: 10.3390/ph15040463.

Microbiological, Clinical, and PK/PD Features of the New Anti-Gram-Negative Antibiotics: β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Combination and Cefiderocol-An All-Inclusive Guide for Clinicians

Luigi Principe  1 , Tommaso Lupia  2 , Lilia Andriani  3 , Floriana Campanile  4 , Davide Carcione  5 , Silvia Corcione  6 , Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa  2   6 , Roberto Luzzati  7 , Giacomo Stroffolini  6 , Marina Steyde  7 , Giuliana Decorti  7   8 , Stefano Di Bella  7
Affiliations
Review

Microbiological, Clinical, and PK/PD Features of the New Anti-Gram-Negative Antibiotics: β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Combination and Cefiderocol-An All-Inclusive Guide for Clinicians

Luigi Principe et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

Bacterial resistance mechanisms are continuously and rapidly evolving. This is particularly true for Gram-negative bacteria. Over the last decade, the strategy to develop new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs) combinations has paid off and results from phase 3 and real-world studies are becoming available for several compounds. Cefiderocol warrants a separate discussion for its peculiar mechanism of action. Considering the complexity of summarizing and integrating the emerging literature data of clinical outcomes, microbiological mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of the new BL/BLI and cefiderocol, we aimed to provide an overview of data on the following compounds: aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefiderocol, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. Each compound is described in a dedicated section by experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, and pharmacology, with tables providing at-a-glance information.

Keywords: cefiderocol; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; β-lactamase inhibitors; β-lactams.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of (a) β-lactams and (b) β-lactamase inhibitors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Tan X., Kim H.S., Baugh K., Huang Y., Kadiyala N., Wences M., Singh N., Wenzler E., Bulman Z.P. Therapeutic Options for Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales. Infect. Drug Resist. 2021;14:125–142. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S246174. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mauri C., Maraolo A.E., Di Bella S., Luzzaro F., Principe L. The Revival of Aztreonam in Combination with Avibactam against Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negatives: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies and Clinical Cases. Antibiotics. 2021;10:1012. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10081012. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sader H.S., Carvalhaes C.G., Arends S.J.R., Castanheira M., Mendes R.E. Aztreonam/avibactam Activity against Clinical Isolates of Enterobacterales Collected in Europe, Asia and Latin America in 2019. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2021;76:659–666. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa504. - DOI - PubMed
    1. CLSI . Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 31st ed. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute; Malvern, PA, USA: 2021. CLSI Supplement M100.
    1. Aztreonam/Avibactam—List Results. ClinicalTrials.gov. [(accessed on 5 February 2022)]; Available online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=aztreonam%2Favibactam&term=&...

LinkOut - more resources