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. 2022 Apr 11;11(8):2127.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11082127.

The Role of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Novel Scoring System

Cheng-Yu Li  1 , Chi-Cheng Chuang  1 , Ching-Chang Chen  1 , Po-Hsun Tu  1 , Yu-Chi Wang  1 , Mun-Chun Yeap  1 , Chun-Ting Chen  1 , Ting-Wei Chang  1 , Zhuo-Hao Liu  1
Affiliations

The Role of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Novel Scoring System

Cheng-Yu Li et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage (tIVH) is associated with increased mortality and disability in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the significance of tIVH itself remains unclear. Our goal is to assess whether tIVH affects in-hospital mortality and short-term functional outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 5048 patients with TBI during a 5-year period, and 149 tIVH patients were analyzed. Confounding was reduced using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score. The association between IVH and outcomes was investigated using logistic regression in the IPTW-adjusted cohort. In our study, after adjustment for analysis, the in-hospital mortality rate (11.4% vs. 9.2%) and the poor functional outcome rate (37.9% vs.10.6%) were significantly higher in the tIVH group than in the non-tIVH group. Factors independently associated with outcomes were age ≥ 65 years, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) severity score, and the Graeb score. The Traumatic Graeb Score, a novel scoring system for predicting functional outcomes associated with tIVH, comprised the sum of the following components: GCS scores of 3 to 4 (=2 points), 5 to 12 (=1 point), 13 to 15 (=0 points); age ≥ 65 years, yes (=1 point), no (=0 points); Graeb score (0-12 points). A Traumatic Graeb Score ≥ 4 is an optimal cutoff value for poor short-term functional outcomes.

Keywords: Traumatic Graeb Score; intraventricular hemorrhage; traumatic brain injury.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the current study and inclusion criteria. ED: emergency department; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; tIVH: traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Receiver operating characteristic curves of the Traumatic Graeb Score in predicting in-hospital mortality (A) and poor functional outcome (B). AUC: area under the curve; mRS: modified Rankin Scale.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Outcomes at hospital discharge using modified Rankin Scale after traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage (tIVH).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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