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. 2022 Mar 26;14(4):712.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040712.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Sulfadiazine and Its Metabolite N4-Acetyl Sulfadiazine in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) at Different Temperatures after Oral Administration

Ning Xu  1   2   3 , Miao Li  2 , Zhoumeng Lin  2   4   5 , Xiaohui Ai  1   3
Affiliations

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Sulfadiazine and Its Metabolite N4-Acetyl Sulfadiazine in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) at Different Temperatures after Oral Administration

Ning Xu et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

In this study, the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and its main metabolite, N4-acetyl sulfadiazine (ACT-SDZ), were compared between 18 and 24 °C following a single oral administration of SDZ at 50 mg/kg in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The plasma and tissues were sampled from 0.167 h up to 96 h and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a one-compartmental approach. Results showed that pharmacokinetics of SDZ and ACT-SDZ in plasma and tissues were notably influenced by the increase of temperature. The increased temperature shortened the absorption half-life (K01_HL) of SDZ and ACT-SDZ in gill, kidney, and plasma, but increased in liver and muscle + skin. The elimination half-life (K10_HF) and the area under concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of SDZ and ACT-SDZ all presented a declined trend. The apparent volume of distribution (V_F) of SDZ in plasma was increased from 0.93 to 1.64 L/kg, and the apparent systemic total body clearance (Cl_F) was also increased from 0.01 to 0.05 L/h/kg. Overall, the rise of temperature decreased K10_HF, AUC0-∞ of SDZ, and ACT-SDZ in plasma and tissues, but increased V_F and Cl_F in the plasma for SDZ.

Keywords: N4-acetyl sulfadiazine; grass carp; pharmacokinetics; sulfadiazine; temperature.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Semi-logarithmic concentration-time profiles of sulfadiazine and its main metabolite N-acetyl sulfadiazine in plasma (P), liver (L), kidney (K), muscle+skin (M), and gill (G) of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) following a single oral dose of sulfadiazine at 50 mg/kg at 18 °C. Abbreviations on the figure: SDZ, sulfadiazine; ACT-SDZ, N-acetyl sulfadiazine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Semi-logarithmic concentration-time profiles of sulfadiazine and N-acetyl sulfadiazine in plasma (P), liver (L), kidney (K), muscle + skin (M), and gill (G) of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) following a single oral dose of sulfadiazine at 50 mg/kg at 24 °C. Abbreviations on the figure: SDZ, sulfadiazine; ACT-SDZ, N-acetyl sulfadiazine.
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