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. 2022 Apr 16;10(4):829.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10040829.

Influence of Different Vegetation Types on Soil Physicochemical Parameters and Fungal Communities

Xin Sui  1   2   3 , Xiannan Zeng  4 , Mengsha Li  5 , Xiaohong Weng  1   2 , Beat Frey  3 , Libin Yang  5 , Maihe Li  3   6   7
Affiliations

Influence of Different Vegetation Types on Soil Physicochemical Parameters and Fungal Communities

Xin Sui et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of Betula dahurica (BD), Betula platyphylla (BP), Larix gmelinii (LG), Quercus mongolica (QM), and a mixed conifer-broadleaf forest composed of LG and QM (LGQM) on the soil physicochemical parameters and community structure of fungi in the Zhongyangzhan Black-billed Capercaillie Nature Reserve. Fungal community structures were characterized via ITS rRNA sequencing. The effects of soil parameters on the community structure of soil fungi were assessed by Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). LGQM exhibited lower C/N, available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) compared with the QM broadleaf forest. The fungal Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were highest in BP, whereas LG exhibited the highest ACE index. The Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Mucoromycota fungal phyla were dominant across all vegetation types. Each of the different vegetation types studied herein exhibited a unique fungal community structure. The RDA results indicated that fungal community structures were primarily shaped by the total N, available N, and available P of soil. Our findings thus indicated that forests restored with different species of trees may exhibit variations in soil quality and characteristics despite sharing the same climate. Furthermore, broadleaved and coniferous forests exhibited a unique fungal community diversity and composition.

Keywords: cold temperate climate; diversity; forest types; fungal community; restoration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The asterisk indicates the study site in Heilongjiang Province and China.
Figure 2
Figure 2
RDA results, including all of the examined soil physicochemical parameters. BD, Betula dahurica forest; BP, Betula platyphylla forest; LG, Larix gmelinii forest; LGQM, Q. mongolica and L. gmelinii mixed forest; QM, Quercus mongolica forest. TN, total nitrogen; SOC, soil organic carbon; TP, total phosphorous; AN, available nitrogen; AP, available phosphorous.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Rarefaction curves. BD1-BD3, B. dahurica; BP1-BP3, B. platyphylla; LG1-LG3, L. gmelinii; LGQM1-LGQM3, Q. mongolica and L. gmelinii mixed forest; QM1-QM3, Q. mongolica.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of revegetation type on the relative abundance of fungal phyla. BD, Betula dahurica; BP, Betula platyphylla; LG, Larix gmelinii; LGQM, Q. mongolica and L. gmelinii mixed forest; QM, Quercus mongolica.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Venn diagram of shared and unique fungal OTUs among the vegetation types. BD, Betula dahurica; BP, Betula platyphylla; LG, Larix gmelinii; LGQM, Q. mongolica and L. gmelinii mixed forest; QM, Quercus mongolica.
Figure 6
Figure 6
NMDS analysis of the fungal communities in the different forest type soils. BD, Betula dahurica; BP, Betula platyphylla; LG, Larix gmelinii; LGQM, Q. mongolica and L. gmelinii mixed forest; QM, Quercus mongolica.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Heatmap and hierarchical clustering of the relative abundances of the top 30 genera detected in the soil fungal communities. The color gradient (red, white, blue) represents the relative abundance of the soil fungi from high to low in the different forest types. BD1–BD3, Betula dahurica; BP1–BP3, Betula platyphylla; LG1–LG3, Larix gmelinii; LGQM1–LGQM3, Q. mongolica and L. gmelinii mixed forest; QM1–QM3, Quercus mongolica.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cladogram of the fungal communities in the five types of forest soils with LDA > 4.5 (A) and >5.0 (B). The circles represent fungal taxa from phylum to genus starting from the center. BD, Betula dahurica; BP, Betula platyphylla; LG, Larix gmelinii; LGQM, Q. mongolica and L. gmelinii mixed forest; QM, Quercus mongolica.
Figure 9
Figure 9
RDA of the dominant fungal phyla in soil constrained by soil variables.
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