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. 2022 Apr 14;12(8):1355.
doi: 10.3390/nano12081355.

Synthesis of Polyaniline Supported CdS/CdS-ZnS/CdS-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Applications

Nida Qutub  1 , Preeti Singh  2 , Suhail Sabir  3 , Khalid Umar  4 , Suresh Sagadevan  5 , Won-Chun Oh  6
Affiliations

Synthesis of Polyaniline Supported CdS/CdS-ZnS/CdS-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Applications

Nida Qutub et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

Photocatalytic degradation can be increased by improving photo-generated electrons and broadening the region of light absorption through conductive polymers. In that view, we have synthesized Polyaniline (PANI) with CdS, CdS-ZnS, and CdS-TiO2 nanocomposites using the chemical precipitation method, characterized and verified for the photo-degradation of Acid blue-29 dye. This paper provides a methodical conception about in what way conductive polymers "PANI" enhances the performance rate of composite photocatalysts (CdS, CdS-ZnS and CdS-TiO2). The nanocomposites charge transfer, molar ratio, surface morphology, particle size, diffraction pattern, thermal stability, optical and recombination of photo-generated charge carrier properties were determined. The production of nanocomposites and their efficient photocatalytic capabilities were observed. The mechanism of photocatalysis involved with PC, CZP and CTP nanocomposites are well presented by suitable diagrams representing the exchange of electrons and protons among themselves with supported equations. We discovered that increasing the number of nanocomposites in the membranes boosted both photocatalytic activity and degradation rate. CdS-Zinc-PANI (CZP) and CdS-TiO2-PANI(CTP) nanocomposites show entrapment at the surface defects of Zinc and TiO2 nanoparticles due to the demolition of unfavorable electron kinetics, and by reducing the charge recombination, greater photocatalytic activity than CdS-PANI (CP) with the same nanoparticle loading was achieved. With repeated use, the photocatalysts' efficiency dropped very little, hinting that they may be used to remove organic pollutants from water. The photocatalytic activity of CZP and CTP photocatalytic membranes was greater when compared to CdS-PANI, which may be due to the good compatibility between CdS and Zinc and TiO2, as well efficient charge carrier separation. PANI can also increase the split-up of photo-excited charge carriers and extend the absorption zone when combined with these nanoparticles. As a result, the development of outrageous performance photocatalysts and their potential uses in ecological purification and solar power conversion has been facilitated. The novelty of this article is to present the degradation of AB-29 Dye using nanocomposites with polymers and study the enhanced degradation rate. Few studies have been carried out on polymer nanocomposites and their application in the degradation of AB-29 dyes and remediation of water purposes. Nanoparticle CdS is a very effective photocatalyst, commonly used for water purification along with nanoparticle ZnS and TiO2; but cadmium ion-leaching makes it ineffective for practical and commercial use. In the present work, we have reduced the leaching of hazardous cadmium ions by trapping them in a polyaniline matrix, hence making it suitable for commercial use. We have embedded ZnS and TiO2 along with CdS in a polyaniline matrix and compared their photocatalytic activity, stability, and reusability, proving our nano-composites suitable for commercial purposes with enhanced activities and stabilities, which is a novelty. All synthesized nanocomposites are active within the near-ultraviolet to deep infrared (i.e., 340-850 nm). This gives us full efficiency of the photocatalysts in the sunlight and further proves the commercial utility of our nanocomposites.

Keywords: Acid blue-29 dye; conducting polymer; nanoparticles; photocatalytic mechanism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FTIR spectra of PANI. PC, CZP and CTP nanocomposites.
Figure 2
Figure 2
EDS spectra of (a) PC, (b) CZP and (c) CTP.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of PANI, PC, CZP and CTP nanocomposites.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TEM images of (a) PANI at 25,000 times magnification, (b) PANI at 50,000 times magnification, (c) PC at 60,000 times magnification and (d) representative diagram of PC.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TEM images of (a,b) CZP at 60,000- and 100,000-times magnification, respectively, (d,e) CTP at 12,000- and 24,000-times magnification, respectively and (c,f) representative diagrams of CZP and CTP, respectively.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) XRD pattern of PC in comparison to cubic CdS and synthesized PANI (b) XRD pattern of CZP in comparison to cubic CdS, hexagonal ZnS and PANI (c) XRD pattern of CTP in comparison to cubic CdS, Degussa P-25 TiO2 and PANI.
Figure 7
Figure 7
TGA curves of PANI, and its composite nanomaterials (PC, CZP, and CTP).
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) UV-visible spectra of PANI in the range 200 to 800 nm (b) UV-visible spectra of PC in comparison to bulk CdS and synthesized PANI. (c) UV-visible spectra of CZP in comparison to bulk CdS and ZnS and synthesized PANI. (d) UV-visible spectra of CTP in comparison to synthesized PANI, bulk CdS and ZnS.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Change in concentration of AB-29 with time in the presence and absence of PC in comparison to PANI and CdS nanoparticles. (b) Change in concentration of AB-29 with time in the presence and absence of PC in comparison to PANI and CdS nanoparticles. (c) The decolorization rate of AB-29 in the presence of synthesized PC in comparison to PANI and CdS nanoparticles. (d) Stability and recycle of PC in comparison to pure CdS.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Change in concentration of AB-29 with time in the presence and absence of CZP in comparison to PANI, CdS and ZnS nanoparticles and CdS-ZnS nanocomposite (b) Change in concentration of AB-29 with time in the presence and absence of CZP in comparison to PANI, CdS and ZnS nanoparticles and CdS-ZnS nanocomposite (c) The decolorization rate of AB-29 in the presence of synthesized CZP in comparison to PANI, CdS and ZnS nanoparticles and CdS-ZnS nanocomposite (d) Stability and recycle of CdS-ZnS nanocomposite embedded in PANI (CZP), in comparison to free CdS-ZnS nanocomposite without PANI.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Representative diagram of the mechanism of photocatalysis by CZP.
Figure 12
Figure 12
(a) Change in concentration of AB-29 with time in the presence and absence of CTP in comparison to PANI, CdS and TiO2 nanoparticles and CdS-TiO2 nanocomposite (b) Change in concentration of AB-29 with time in the presence and absence of CTP in comparison to PANI, CdS and TiO2 nanoparticles and CdS-TiO2 nanocomposite (c) The decolorization rate of AB-29 in the presence of synthesized CTP in comparison to PANI, CdS and TiO2 nanoparticles and CdS-TiO2 nanocomposite (d) Stability and recycle of CdS-TiO2 nanocomposite embedded in PANI (CTP) in comparison to free CdS-TiO2 nanocomposite without PANI.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Representative diagram of the mechanism of photocatalysis by CTP.
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