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. 2022 Sep;29(42):63605-63621.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20154-9. Epub 2022 Apr 23.

The cultural differences in the effects of carbon emissions - an EKC analysis

Noman Arshed  1 , Kamran Hameed  2 , Asma Saher  3 , Naveed Yazdani  4
Affiliations

The cultural differences in the effects of carbon emissions - an EKC analysis

Noman Arshed et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

The postmodernism stance critiques the current discourse of modern consumption-based societies. These societies legitimize their embedded beliefs and actions based on their lifestyle reflected through their consumption patterns. Their consumption patterns relate to carbon footprints that are yet to be explored in the current body of knowledge at the macro level. The legitimacy of their lifestyle and consumption patterns rely on their conscious efforts in reducing carbon footprints. This study uses the environmental Kuznets curve model and explores the impact of household lifestyle and household consumption patterns on CO2 emissions across different cultures and societies worldwide. 49 countries were taken to assess how different cultures define consumption patterns related to CO2 emission. The results showed that the curvilinear relationship between consumption and CO2 depends on the country's national cultural orientation.

Keywords: Carbon emissions; Climate change; Environment stability; National culture.

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Conflict of interest statement

Not applicable

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
CO2 and power distance association
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
CO2 and collectivism association
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Fig. 3
CO2 and masculinity association
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
CO2 and uncertainty avoidance association
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
CO2 and time orientation association
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
CO2 and indulgence association
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
EKC with power distance plot
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
EKC with collectivism plot
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
EKC with masculinity plot
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
EKC with uncertainty avoidance plot
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
EKC with time orientation plot
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
EKC with indulgence plot
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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