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. 2022 Jan-Dec:37:15333175221094396.
doi: 10.1177/15333175221094396.

Validation of Picture Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test for Illiteracy in Lima, Peru

Rosa Montesinos  1   2 , Jose F Parodi  3 , Monica M Diaz  4   5 , Eder Herrera-Perez  1   2   6 , Elizabeth Valeriano-Lorenzo  1   2   7 , Ambar Soto  8 , Carolina Delgado  8   9 , Andrea Slachevsky  10   11   12   13 , Nilton Custodio  1   2   14   15
Affiliations

Validation of Picture Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test for Illiteracy in Lima, Peru

Rosa Montesinos et al. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2022 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Dementia in Latin America is a crucial public health problem. Identifying brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools for the primary care setting is crucial, particularly for illiterate individuals. We evaluated tool performance characteristics and validated the free and total recall sections of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test-Picture version (FCSRT-Picture) to discriminate between 63 patients with early Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), 60 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 64 cognitively healthy Peruvian individuals with illiteracy from an urban area. Clinical, functional, and cognitive assessments were performed. FCSRT-Picture performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The mean ± standard deviation scores were 7.7 ± 1.0 in ADD, 11.8 ± 1.6 in aMCI, and 29.5 ± 1.8 in controls. The FCSRT-Picture had better performance characteristics for distinguishing controls from aMCI compared with several other BCS tools, but similar characteristics between controls and early ADD. The FCSRT-Picture is a reliable BCS tool for illiteracy in Peru.

Keywords: Alzheimer´s disease; Latin America; Peru; dementia; educational level; free and cued selective reminding test; illiteracy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart of steps for diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment or early Alzheimer’s dementia. Abbreviations: BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating scale; CT: Computerized Tomography; DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5; FCSRT: Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (picture version); MMSE: Mini Mental State Exam; NIA-AA: National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association; PFAQ: Pfeffer Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire; RUDAS: Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (Peruvian version).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Flow chart of participants from Ventanilla Health Centers, Callao, Lima. 2018-2019.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
ROC curves of the free and total recall sections of FCSRT-Picture compared with the RUDAS-PE for controls vs amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
ROC curve of the free and total recall sections of FCSRT-Picture version compared with the RUDAS-PE for amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment vs early Alzheimer’s disease dementia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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